Portugal, izere zita rePutukezi Republic, inovhara nharaunda yemakiromita 91,900 mativi (Zvita 2005). Inowanikwa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero chikamu cheIberian Peninsula muEurope. Inogumira Spain kumabvazuva nekuchamhembe, uye Atlantic Ocean kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero. Mhenderekedzo yegungwa inopfuura makiromita mazana masere pakureba. Nzvimbo yacho yakakwira kuchamhembe uye yakadzika kumaodzanyemba, kazhinji makomo nezvikomo. Chikamu chekuchamhembe iMeseta Plateau; nzvimbo yepakati yemakomo ine avhareji yekukwira kwemamita mazana masere kusvika chiuru, uye iyo yepamusoro yeEstrela iri 1991 metres pamusoro pegungwa; kumaodzanyemba nekumadokero zvikomo nemapani emahombekombe zvichiteerana. Nzizi huru ndiTejo, Douro (makiromita makumi matatu nemaviri nemakumi maviri nenharaunda) neMontego. Iyo yekuchamhembe ine gungwa rakadzikama rakakura-rakasvibira sango mamiriro ekunze, uye maodzanyemba ane tembiricha yemudunhu reMediterranean. Wepakati tembiricha iri 7-11 ° C muna Ndira uye 20-26 ° C muna Chikunguru. Avhareji yemvura yekunaya pagore ndeye 500-1000 mm.

Nyika yakakamurwa kuita gumi nematanhatu nzvimbo dzehutongi, dzinoti: Lisbon, Porto, Coimbra, Viañado Castro, Braga, Villaril, Bragança, Guarana Erda, Leiria, Aveiro, Viseu, Santarem, Evora, Faro, Castello Blanco, Portalegre, Beja, Situbal. Kune zvakare matunhu maviri akazvimiririra, Madeira neAzores.

Portugal ndiyo imwe yenyika dzekare dzeEuropean. Yakareba pasi pekutonga kwevaRoma, maGerman nemaMoor. Yakava humambo hwakazvimirira muna 1143. Muzana ramakore rechi 15 nerechi 16, chakatanga kuwedzera mhiri kwemakungwa uye zvakateedzana chakamisikidza huwandu hukuru hwemakoloni muAfrica, Asia, neAmerica, ichiva simba regungwa. Yakabatanidzwa neSpain muna 1580 uye yakasunungurwa kubva mukutonga kweSpain muna 1640. Muna 1703 yakava nyaya yeBritain. Muna 1820, vePortugal vezvematongerwo enyika vakatanga danho rekudzinga mauto eBritish. Yekutanga Republic yakavambwa muna 1891. Chechipiri Republic yakavambwa muna Gumiguru 1910. Vakabatanidzwa muAllies panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Muna Chivabvu 1926, Second Republic yakaparadzwa uye hurumende yemauto yakagadzwa. Muna 1932, Salazar akave mutungamiriri uye akatanga hutongi hwehudzvanyiriri muPortugal. Muna Kubvumbi 1974, "Mauto Echisimba Ehondo" akaumbwa neboka revatariri vepakati uye vepazasi vakapidigura hutongi hwekurudyi hwakanga hwatonga Portugal kweanopfuura makore makumi mana ndokutanga nzira yekutonga kwevanhu.

Mureza wenyika: Inoita rectangular ine chiyero chehurefu kusvika paupamhi hwe3: 2. Iyo mureza pamusoro inoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri: kuruboshwe, girini uye kurudyi, mutsvuku.Chikamu chegirinhi yakatwasuka rectangle, chikamu chitsvuku chiri padyo nekwere, uye nharaunda yacho yakapetwa kahafu nehafu chikamu chegirini chikamu. Chiratidzo chenyika yePortugal chakapendwa pakati pemitsara mitsvuku uye mitema. Ruvara rutsvuku runoratidzira kupemberera kwekugadzwa kweChipiri Republic muna 1910, uye ruvara rwegirini runoratidza rukudzo kuna Prince Henry, anozivikanwa se "Navigator".

Portugal ine huwandu hwevanhu vanopfuura mamirioni gumi nemazana matatu (2005). Vanopfuura 99% vavo maPutukezi, uye vamwe vese iSpanish. Mutauro wepamutemo chiPutukezi. Vanopfuura 97% yevagari vanotenda muchiKatorike.

Portugal inyika yakasimukira ine chibereko chakawanda chenyika inoita 176.629 bhiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica muna 2006, iine mutengo wemunhu wemadhora zviuru gumi nezvitanhatu nemazana matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu nenomwe. Portugal yakapfuma muzvicherwa zviwanikwa, kunyanya tungsten, mhangura, pyrite, uranium, hematite, magnetite uye machena. Tungsten inochengeterwa chinzvimbo chekutanga muWestern Europe. Iwo makuru maindasitiri zvikamu zvinosanganisira machira, zvipfeko, chikafu, bepa, cork, zvemagetsi zvigadzirwa, ceramics, uye kugadzira waini. Iyo indasitiri yebasa rePortugal yakawedzera nekukurumidza, uye huwandu hwehuwandu hwayo hwekuburitsa muhupfumi hwenyika uye huwandu hweiyi indasitiri muhuwandu hwevanhu vanoshanda hwasvika padanho renyika dzakabudirira muEurope. Nzvimbo yemasango i3.6 mamirioni mahekita, inotora chikamu chegumi nenhatu chenyika yenyika.Iyo softwood kuburitsa inoverengera inopfuura hafu yezvese zvakaburitswa pasirese, uye yayo yekutengesa inotanga kuve yepasirese, saka inozivikanwa se "Cork Kingdom". Portugal ndiyo imwe yenyika huru dzinogadzira waini pasi rose, uye Porto kuchamhembe inzvimbo inozivikanwa yekugadzira waini. Chiputukezi madomasi muto unozivikanwa muEurope uye ndiye mutengesi mukuru mumusika weEuropean. Indasitiri yekuredza hove muPortugal yakagadziriswa, kunyanya hove sardines, tuna, uye cod.

Portugal yakanaka uye inoyevedza, iine zvivakwa zvekare sedzimba dzemauto, dzimbahwe, uye mamiziyamu kwese kwese. Kune anopfuura makiromita mazana masere emhenderekedzo yegungwa kumadokero nekumaodzanyemba mativi, uye kune akawanda akanaka magungwa ejecha. Yakawanda yacho ine mamiriro ekunze eMediterranean. Tourism ndiyo sosi yakakosha yemari yekunze yekuchinjana yekuPortugal uye nzira yakakosha yekushomeka kwekutengeserana kwekunze.Zvinonyanya kukwezva vashanyi iLisbon, Faro, Porto, Madeira, nezvimwewo Gore rega rega rinogashira vashanyi vekunze vakawanda kupfuura vagari varo. Anopfuura mamirioni matanhatu emadhora eurandi ave sosi yakakosha yemari yekunze yekudyidzana

Lisbon : Lisbon ndiro guta guru rePutukezi Republic uye iguta rakakura kwazvo pachiteshi chengarava muPortugal, iri kumadokero kwakadziva kondinendi yeEurope. Iyo inovhara nzvimbo yemakiromita makumi mana nemasere. Huwandu hwevanhu i5355,000 (1999). Sintra Mountain iri kuchamhembe kweLisbon. Rwizi Tejo, rwizi rukuru muPortugal, runoyerera rwopinda muAtlantic Ocean kuburikidza nechikamu chekumaodzanyemba kweguta. Inobatwa neinodziya yeAtlantic yazvino, Lisbon ine yakanaka mamiriro ekunze, isina kutonhora muchando uye isingatsve muzhizha. Avhareji tembiricha muna Ndira naKukadzi ndi8 ℃, uye avhareji tembiricha muna Chikunguru na Nyamavhuvhu ndi26 ℃. Kunotonhora uye kune zuva kazhinji pagore, kunodziya senge chitubu, uye kugadzikana.

Lisbon yaive nemisha yekugara kwevanhu munguva yepamberi. Muna 1147, mambo wekutanga wePortugal, Alfonso I, akatora Lisbon. Muna 1245, Lisbon yakava guta guru uye nzvimbo yekutengeserana yeHumambo hwePortugal.

Basa rekugadzira nzvimbo yeLisbon rakanaka kwazvo.Pane mapaki mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu nemadhorobha, ine nzvimbo inosvika mahekita chiuru nemazana mana euswa uye nzvimbo dzegirini. Pamativi ese emugwagwa pane miti yakaita sepine, muchindwe, bodhi, ndimu, maorivhi nemaonde. Guta rinogara rakasvibira gore rese, riine maruva akazara maruva, kungofanana nebindu hombe rinoyevedza uye rinonhuwirira. Lisbon yakakomberedzwa nemakomo nenzizi, uye guta rese rakagovaniswa pazvikomo zvidiki 6. Kubva kure, dzimba dzetera dzvuku dzine dzakasiyana uye mimvuri yemiti yakasvibira dzinowirirana, uye nzvimbo yacho yakanaka kwazvo.

Kune akawanda matombo uye zvivakwa muLisbon. Belém Tower, iri pamahombekombe eAtlantic Ocean, yakavakwa mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 16. Kana mafungu aya akakwira, anoita kunge anoyangarara pamusoro pemvura uye nzvimbo inoyevedza. Imba yemamongi yeJeronimos iri pamberi peshongwe yakajairika dhizaini yekuManuel-dhiraivhi inozivikanwa mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 16, iine hukuru uye zvakavezwa zvakavezwa. Kune kumakuva evagari venyika vane mukurumbira muchivanze, pakavigwa pano mufambisi wengarava wechiPutukezi Da Gama uye mudetembi ane mukurumbira Camo Anz.

Lisbon ndiyo nzvimbo yekufambisa yenyika uye chiteshi chikuru muPortugal. Nzvimbo yechiteshi inosvika makiromita gumi nemana, uye zvikamu makumi matanhatu kubva muzana zvezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinotakurwa nekuburutswa pano. Traffic muLisbon inotungamirwa nemota uye subways. Iyo nzira yepasi pevhu yakaiswa mukushandisa muna 1959, iine zviteshi makumi maviri uye yegore nevhoriyamu yevatakuri vhoriyamu ye132 mamirioni vafambi. Uye zvakare, kune mota dzemagetsi uye marori ekusimudza anomhanya pazvikomo zveguta.

Indasitiri yekushanya yeLisbon yakaita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira kusimudzira guta guru kuita guta remazuva ano. Iyo yakanaka yekugezera pamhenderekedzo yekumadokero kweAtlantic mhenderekedzo yeLisbon inzvimbo inozivikanwa yevashanyi muPortugal, inokwezva vanopfuura mamirioni 1 vashanyi vanobva pasirese pasirese gore rega. Lisbon rave iro rakakura guta revashanyi muPortugal.