IPortugal, igama eligcwele leRiphabhuliki yasePutukezi, ithatha indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-91,900 (Disemba 2005). Kutholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNhlonhlo yase-Iberia eYurophu. Unqamula iSpain empumalanga nasenyakatho, ne-Atlantic Ocean ngaseningizimu-ntshonalanga. Ugu lungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-800 ubude. Indawo iphakeme enyakatho futhi iphansi eningizimu, ikakhulukazi izintaba namagquma. Ingxenye esenyakatho yithafa laseMeseta; indawo emaphakathi yezintaba inokuphakama okuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-800-1000, kanti isiqongo se-Estrela singamamitha ayi-1991 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle; eningizimu nasentshonalanga ngamagquma namathafa asogwini ngokulandelana. Imifula emikhulu yiTejo, iDouro (amakhilomitha angama-322 ukudabula indawo) neMontego. Isenyakatho inesimo sezulu samahlathi esipholile esinamanzi amaningi asolwandle, futhi eningizimu kunesimo sezulu saseMedithera esishisayo. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lingu-7-11 ℃ ngoJanuwari nango-20-26 ℃ ngoJulayi. Imvula emaphakathi yonyaka ingama-500-1000 mm.

Izwe lihlukaniswe izifunda eziyi-18 zokuphatha, okuyi: Lisbon, Porto, Coimbra, Viañado Castro, Braga, Villaril, Bragança, Guarana U-Erda, Leiria, Aveiro, Viseu, Santarem, Évora, Faro, Castello Blanco, Portalegre, Beja, Situbal. Kukhona futhi izifunda ezimbili ezizimele, iMadeira ne-Azores.

IPortugal ingelinye lamazwe asendulo aseYurophu. Isikhathi eside ngaphansi kokubusa kwamaRoma, amaJalimane namaMoor. Yaba umbuso ozimele ngo-1143. Ngekhulu le-15 nele-16, laqala ukunweba phesheya kwezilwandle futhi ngokulandelana lasungula inani elikhulu lamakoloni e-Afrika, e-Asia, naseMelika, laba umbuso wasolwandle. Yatholwa yiSpain ngo-1580 futhi yakhululwa embusweni waseSpain ngo-1640. Ngo-1703 yaba yisikhonzi saseBrithani. Ngo-1820, abomthetho-sisekelo basePortugal baqala uguquko lokuxosha amasosha aseBrithani. IRiphabhulikhi Yokuqala yasungulwa ngo-1891. IRiphabhulikhi Yesibili yasungulwa ngo-Okthoba 1910. Wabamba iqhaza kuma-Allies ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. NgoMeyi 1926, iRepublic Republic yaketulwa futhi kwasungulwa uhulumeni wezempi. Ngo-1932, uSalazar waba undunankulu futhi wasungula ubushiqela bobushiqela ePortugal. Ngo-Ephreli 1974, i- "Armed Forces Movement" eyakhiwa iqembu lezikhulu eziphakathi nezisezingeni eliphansi laketula umbuso we-ultra-right owawubuse iPortugal iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 futhi yaqala inqubo yentando yeningi.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Lingunxande elinesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi obungu-3: 2. Ingaphezulu lefulegi lakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili: kwesobunxele, esiluhlaza kanye nesokudla, esibomvu.Ingxenye eluhlaza ingunxande omile, ingxenye ebomvu isondele esikweleni, futhi indawo yayo ilingana nohafu ingxenye ephindwe kasigamu nengxenye. Uphawu lukazwelonke lwasePortugal lupendwe phakathi kolayini abomvu noluhlaza okotshani. Umbala obomvu uzwakalisa ukugujwa kokusungulwa kweRiphabhulikhi Yesibili ngo-1910, kanti umbala oluhlaza uzwakalisa ukuhlonipha uPrince Henry, owaziwa nge- "Navigator".

IPortugal inabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-10.3 (2005). Ngaphezu kwe-99% yabo bangamaPutukezi, kanti abanye bangamaSpanishi. Ulimi olusemthethweni isiPutukezi. Bangaphezu kuka-97% abahlali abakholelwa kubuKhatholika.

IPortugal iyizwe elithuthuke kakhulu elinomkhiqizo ophelele kazwelonke wamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-176.629 e-U.S. ngo-2006, onenani ngalinye lamadola ase-U.S. IPortugal icebile ngezinsizakusebenza zamaminerali, ikakhulukazi i-tungsten, ithusi, i-pyrite, i-uranium, i-hematite, i-magnetite nemabula. I-Tungsten igcina isikhundla sokuqala eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Imikhakha emikhulu yezimboni ifaka phakathi izindwangu, okokugqoka, ukudla, iphepha, ukhokho, okokusebenza kwe-elekthronikhi, izitsha zobumba nokwenziwa kwewayini. Imboni yezinsizakalo zasePortugal ithuthuke ngokushesha, futhi inani lenani lalo lokukhipha emnothweni wezwe kanye nenani lomkhakha kubantu bonke abaqashiwe selisondele ezingeni lamazwe athuthukile eYurophu. Indawo yehlathi ingamahektha ayizigidi ezingama-3.6, kubalwa ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zomhlaba womhlaba.Ukukhishwa kwawo kwe-softwood kubanga ngaphezu kwengxenye yomkhiqizo ophelele emhlabeni, futhi ukuthekelisa kwawo kubalwa kuqala emhlabeni, ngakho-ke kwaziwa ngokuthi yi "Cork Kingdom". IPortugal ingelinye lamazwe amakhulu akhiqiza iwayini emhlabeni, kanti iPorto esenyakatho yindawo edumile yokukhiqiza iwayini. I-Portuguese sauce sauce idume eYurophu futhi ingumhlinzeki omkhulu kunabo bonke emakethe yaseYurophu. Imboni yezokudoba yasolwandle yasePortugal ithuthukisiwe, ikakhulukazi ama-sardine okudoba, i-tuna ne-cod.

IPortugal yinhle futhi inhle, inezakhiwo zasendulo ezinjengezigodlo, izigodlo, neminyuziyamu yonke indawo. Kunogu olungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-800 entshonalanga naseningizimu, futhi kunamabhishi amaningi amahle esihlabathi. Iningi lawo linesimo sezulu saseMedithera. Ezokuvakasha ziwumthombo obalulekile wemali engenayo yasePortugal yokuhwebelana namazwe angaphandle nezindlela ezibalulekile zokwenzela ukushoda kwezentengiselwano yakwamanye amazwe.Izivakashi eziyinhloko ezikhangayo yiLisbon, Faro, Porto, Madeira, njll. Unyaka ngamunye ithola izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe eziningi kunabantu bayo. Imali engenayo yezokuvakasha ngonyaka ngo-2005 Ngaphezulu kwama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha abe ngumthombo obalulekile wemali engenayo yokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe.

Lisbon : ILisbon iyinhloko-dolobha yeRiphabhulikhi yasePutukezi futhi idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke ethekwini ePortugal, elisendaweni esentshonalanga yezwekazi laseYurophu. Imboza indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-82. Inani labantu liyi-535,000 (1999). ISintra Mountain isenyakatho neLisbon. UMfula iTejo, umfula omkhulu kunayo yonke ePortugal, ugelezela olwandle i-Atlantic unqamula engxenyeni eseningizimu yedolobha. Ithintwe yimfudumalo efudumele yase-Atlantic, iLisbon inesimo sezulu esihle, ngaphandle kwamakhaza ebusika futhi ayishisi ehlobo. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ngoJanuwari nangoFebhuwari liyi-8 ℃, kanti izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ngoJulayi nango-Agasti lingu-26 ℃. Kuyabanda futhi libalele cishe unyaka wonke, lifudumele njengentwasahlobo, futhi likhululekile.

ILisbon yayinezindawo zokuhlala abantu ngezikhathi zangaphambi komlando. Ngo-1147, inkosi yokuqala yasePortugal, u-Alfonso I, yathumba iLisbon. Ngo-1245, iLisbon yaba inhlokodolobha nesikhungo sokuhweba soMbuso WasePortugal.

Umsebenzi wokwakheka komhlaba weLisbon muhle kakhulu. Kunamapaki nezingadi ezingama-250 edolobheni, ezinendawo engamahektha ayi-1,400 otshani nezindawo eziluhlaza. Ezinhlangothini zombili zomgwaqo kunezihlahla ezinjengephayini, isundu, ibhodi, ulamula, umnqumo namakhiwane. Idolobha lihlala liluhlaza unyaka wonke, linezimbali eziqhakaza ngokugcwele, njengensimu enkulu ebukekayo nephunga. ILisbon izungezwe izintaba nemifula, futhi lonke idolobha lisatshalaliswe emagqumeni amancane ayisi-6. Uma ukude, izindlu ezinamathayili abomvu ezinemibala ehlukene nemibala ehlukahlukene yezihlahla eziluhlaza ziyahambisana, futhi ubuhle bendawo buhle kakhulu.

Kunezikhumbuzo nezikhumbuzo eziningi eLisbon. IBelem Tower, esemaphethelweni oLwandle i-Atlantic, yakhiwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16 leminyaka. Lapho igagasi seliphezulu, kubonakala sengathi liyantanta emanzini futhi ubuhle bendawo buhle. Isigodlo saseJeronimos esiphambi kombhoshongo siyisakhiwo esinjengesitayela sikaManuel esasithandwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16, ngobukhazikhazi nobuciko obuhle. Kunamathuna abantu abadumile egcekeni, lapho itilosi lomPutukezi uDa Gama kanye nembongi edumile uCamo Anz bangcwatshwa lapha.

ILisbon iyindawo yezokuthutha yesizwe kanye nechweba elikhulu kunawo wonke ePortugal. Indawo ethekwini inwebela amakhilomitha ayi-14, kanti izimpahla ezingama-60% zezinto ezingeniswayo nezithunyelwa ezweni ziyalayishwa futhi zithululwe lapha. Ithrafikhi eLisbon ilawulwa yizimoto nezitimela ezihamba ngaphansi. Umgwaqo ongaphansi komhlaba wasetshenziswa ngo-1959, uneziteshi ezingama-20 nomthamo wabagibeli waminyaka yonke wabagibeli abayizigidi eziyi-132. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezimoto zekhebula namaloli okuphakamisa agijima emagqumeni wedolobha.

Imboni yezokuvakasha yaseLisbon ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlokodolobha ibe idolobha lesimanje. Ibhishi elihle lokugeza elisogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Atlantic eLisbon liyindawo edumile yezivakashi ePortugal, eheha izivakashi ezingaphezu kwesigidi esi-1 ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba minyaka yonke. ILisbon isibe idolobha lezivakashi elikhulu kunawo wonke ePortugal.