Porutugali, izina ryuzuye rya Repubulika ya Porutugali, ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 91,900 (Ukuboza 2005). Iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bw’igice cya Iberiya mu Burayi. Irahana imbibi na Espanye mu burasirazuba no mu majyaruguru, n'inyanja ya Atalantika mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba. Inkombe z'inyanja zifite uburebure bwa kilometero zirenga 800. Ubutaka buri hejuru mu majyaruguru no hasi mu majyepfo, ahanini imisozi n'imisozi. Igice cyo mu majyaruguru ni ikibaya cya Meseta; agace k'imisozi rwagati gafite uburebure buri hagati ya metero 800 na 1.000, naho impinga ya Estrela ifite metero 1991 hejuru y’inyanja; mu majyepfo no mu burengerazuba ni imisozi n'ibibaya byo ku nkombe. Inzuzi nini ni Tejo, Douro (kilometero 322 zinyuze ku butaka) na Montego. Amajyaruguru afite ikirere cyo mu nyanja gishyushye kandi gifite amababi y’amashyamba, naho mu majyepfo hakagira ikirere giciriritse cya Mediterane. Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe ni 7-11 January muri Mutarama na 20-26 ℃ muri Nyakanga. Impuzandengo yimvura yumwaka ni 500-1000 mm.

Igihugu kigabanyijemo uturere 18 twubuyobozi, aribwo: Lisbon, Porto, Coimbra, Viañado Castro, Braga, Villaril, Bragança, Guarana Erda, Leiria, Aveiro, Viseu, Santarem, Évora, Faro, Castello Blanco, Portalegre, Beja, Situbal. Hariho kandi uturere tubiri twigenga, Madeira na Azores.

Porutugali ni kimwe mu bihugu bya kera by’Uburayi. Igihe kirekire ku butegetsi bw'Abaroma, Abadage n'Abamore. Yabaye ubwami bwigenga mu 1143. Mu kinyejana cya 15 n'icya 16, cyatangiye kwaguka mu mahanga kandi gikurikiraho gishyiraho abakoloni benshi muri Afurika, Aziya, no muri Amerika, gihinduka ingufu zo mu nyanja. Yigaruriwe na Espagne mu 1580 ikurwa ku butegetsi bwa Esipanye mu 1640. Mu 1703 yabaye ingingo y'Ubwongereza. Mu 1820, Abanyaporutugali bashinzwe itegekonshinga batangije impinduramatwara yo kwirukana ingabo z’Abongereza. Repubulika ya mbere yashinzwe mu 1891. Repubulika ya kabiri yashinzwe mu Kwakira 1910. Yagize uruhare mu Banyamuryango mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose. Muri Gicurasi 1926, Repubulika ya kabiri yarahiritswe maze hashyirwaho guverinoma ya gisirikare. Mu 1932, Salazar yabaye minisitiri w’intebe maze ashyiraho igitugu cya fashiste muri Porutugali. Muri Mata 1974, "umutwe w'ingabo" wari ugizwe n'itsinda ry'abasirikare bakuru bo mu nzego zo hagati no mu nzego zo hasi bahiritse ubutegetsi bukabije bw’iburyo bwategekaga Porutugali imyaka irenga 40 maze butangira inzira ya demokarasi.

Ibendera ry'igihugu: Ni urukiramende rufite igipimo cy'uburebure n'ubugari bwa 3: 2. Ubuso bwibendera bugizwe nibice bibiri: ibumoso, icyatsi n iburyo, umutuku. Igice cyicyatsi ni urukiramende ruhagaritse, igice cyumutuku cyegereye kare, kandi ubuso bwacyo bukubye inshuro imwe nigice ubunini bwicyatsi. Ikirangantego cy'igihugu cya Porutugali gishushanyije hagati y'imirongo itukura n'icyatsi. Ibara ry'umutuku ryerekana kwizihiza ishingwa rya Repubulika ya kabiri mu 1910, naho ibara ry'icyatsi ryerekana icyubahiro Prince Henry, uzwi ku izina rya "Navigator".

Porutugali ifite abaturage barenga miliyoni 10.3 (2005). Abarenga 99% muribo ni Abanyaportigale, naho abasigaye ni icyesipanyoli. Ururimi rwemewe ni Igiporutugali. Abaturage barenga 97% bemera Gatolika.

Porutugali ni igihugu cyateye imbere ugereranije n’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu kingana na miliyari 176.629 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2006, umuturage akaba afite agaciro ka 16647 USD. Porutugali ikungahaye ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, cyane cyane tungsten, umuringa, pyrite, uranium, hematite, magnetite na marble.Ibigega bya Tungsten biza ku mwanya wa mbere mu Burayi bw'Uburengerazuba. Inzego nyamukuru zinganda zirimo imyenda, imyambaro, ibiryo, impapuro, cork, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ububumbyi, no gukora divayi. Inganda zitanga serivisi za Porutugali zateye imbere byihuse, kandi igipimo cy’agaciro kacyo kiva mu bukungu bw’igihugu n’igipimo cy’inganda mu baturage bose bakoreshwa cyegereye urwego rw’ibihugu byateye imbere mu Burayi. Ubuso bw’amashyamba ni hegitari miliyoni 3.6, bingana na kimwe cya gatatu cy’ubutaka bw’igihugu. Umusaruro w’ibiti byoroheje urenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’umusaruro rusange w’isi, kandi ibyoherezwa mu mahanga biza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi, bityo bizwi ku izina rya "Ubwami bwa Cork". Porutugali ni kimwe mu bihugu bitanga divayi ku isi, naho Porto mu majyaruguru ni agace kazwi cyane ko gutanga divayi. Isosi y'inyanya yo muri Porutugali irazwi cyane mu Burayi kandi ni yo itanga amasoko menshi ku isoko ry’Uburayi. Uruganda rwo kuroba mu nyanja rwa Porutugali rwateye imbere cyane, cyane cyane sardine yo kuroba, tuna, na code.

Porutugali ni nziza kandi nziza, ifite inyubako za kera nk'ibihome, ingoro, n'inzu ndangamurage ahantu hose. Hariho ibirometero birenga 800 byinyanja kuruhande rwiburengerazuba no mumajyepfo, kandi hariho inyanja nziza nyinshi. Ibyinshi muri byo bifite ikirere cya Mediterane. Ubukerarugendo ni isoko y'ingenzi yinjira mu gihugu cya Porutugali yinjiza amadovize kandi ni uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuzuza icyuho cy’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga.Ubukerarugendo bukurura ba mukerarugendo ni Lisbon, Faro, Porto, Madeira, n’ibindi. Buri mwaka yakira ba mukerarugendo b’abanyamahanga kurusha abaturage bayo. Miliyari zirenga 6 zama euro zabaye isoko yingenzi yinjiza amadovize.

Lissabon : Lissabon ni umurwa mukuru wa Repubulika ya Porutugali n'umujyi munini w’icyambu cya Porutugali, uherereye mu burengerazuba bw’umugabane w’Uburayi. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 82. Abaturage ni 535.000 (1999). Umusozi wa Sintra uri mu majyaruguru ya Lissabon. Umugezi wa Tejo, uruzi runini muri Porutugali, rutemba mu nyanja ya Atalantika unyuze mu majyepfo y'umujyi. Lissabon yibasiwe n’umuyaga ushyushye wa Atlantike, Lissabon ifite ikirere cyiza, idakonje mu gihe cyizuba kandi ntigishyushye mu cyi. Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe muri Mutarama na Gashyantare ni 8 ℃, naho ubushyuhe bwo hagati muri Nyakanga na Kanama ni 26 ℃. Numuyaga nizuba hafi yumwaka, ushyushye nkimpeshyi, kandi neza.

Lissabon yari ituye abantu mubihe byabanjirije amateka. Mu 1147, umwami wa mbere wa Porutugali, Alfonso wa I, yafashe Lisbonne. Mu 1245, Lissabon yabaye umurwa mukuru n’ubucuruzi by’Ubwami bwa Porutugali.

Igikorwa cyo gutunganya ubusitani bwa Lissabon ni cyiza cyane. Muri uyu mujyi hari parike n’ubusitani 250, bifite ubuso bwa hegitari 1,400 z’ibyatsi n’icyatsi. Ku mpande zombi z'umuhanda hari ibiti nka pinusi, imikindo, bodhi, indimu, imyelayo n'umutini. Umujyi uhorana icyatsi umwaka wose, ufite indabyo zirabya, nkubusitani bunini bwiza kandi buhumura. Lissabon ikikijwe n'imisozi n'inzuzi.Umujyi wose ukwirakwijwe ku misozi mito 6. Uhereye kure, amazu atukura-afite ibara ritukura rifite igicucu gitandukanye n'ibicucu by'ibiti bibisi byuzuzanya, kandi ni byiza cyane.

Hano i Lisbonne hari inzibutso ninzibutso. Umunara wa Belem, uherereye ku nkombe z'inyanja ya Atalantika, wubatswe mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 16. Iyo umuhengeri ari mwinshi, bisa naho ureremba hejuru y'amazi kandi ni byiza. Ikigo cy'abihaye Imana cya Jeronimos imbere y'umunara ni inyubako isanzwe yubatswe mu buryo bwa Manuel izwi cyane mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 16, ifite amashusho meza kandi meza. Hano hari irimbi ry’abenegihugu bazwi mu gikari, ahashyinguwe umusare w’umusare w’igiportigale Da Gama n’umusizi uzwi cyane Camo Anz.

Lissabon ni ihuriro ryubwikorezi bwigihugu hamwe nicyambu kinini muri Porutugali. Agace k'icyambu kagera kuri kilometero 14, kandi 60% by'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga birapakururwa kandi bipakururwa hano. Imodoka i Lisbonne yiganjemo imodoka na metero. Gari ya moshi yatangiye gukoreshwa mu 1959, ifite sitasiyo 20 hamwe n’abagenzi ku mwaka bangana na miliyoni 132. Byongeye kandi, hari imodoka za kabili hamwe namakamyo azamura ku misozi yumujyi.

Inganda z’ubukerarugendo za Lisbonne zagize uruhare runini mu kuzamura iterambere ry’umurwa mukuru mu mujyi ugezweho. Inyanja nziza yo kwiyuhagira ku nkombe y’iburengerazuba bwa Atalantika ya Lisbonne ni agace gakunzwe cyane mu bukerarugendo muri Porutugali, gakurura ba mukerarugendo barenga miliyoni 1 baturutse impande zose z’isi buri mwaka. Lissabon yabaye umujyi munini w'ubukerarugendo muri Porutugali.