Saudi Arabia, ka inoa piha o ke Aupuni o Saudi Arabia, uhi iā 2.25 miliona mau kilomika kilomika. ʻO ka Arabian Peninsula, aia ma ke komohana hema o ʻAsia, ka palena o ke awāwa ʻo Persian i ka hikina a me ke Kaiʻula i ke komohana, a me nā palena e like me Ioredane, ʻIraka, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, a me Yemen. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "Saudi Arabia" ʻo ia hoʻi "ka wao akua o ka hauʻoli" ma ʻAlapia. Ua kiʻekiʻe ka ʻāina ma ke komohana a haʻahaʻa ma ka hikina. Aia ma ke komohana ka Hijaz-Asir Plateau, a ʻo nā mauna Hijaz ma ka hema aia ma luna o 3000 mau mika ma luna o kaʻilikai. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao waena ka Najd Plateau. He papu ʻo ka hikina. ʻO ka wahi ma ke Kaiʻula ka ʻāina haʻahaʻa o ke Kaiʻula e pili ana i 70 mau mile ke ākea. ʻO ka helu o ka wao akua ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka ʻāina. Nā kahawai a me nā loko me ka wai kū ʻole. ʻO ka pā o ke komohana he aniau o ke Kaiwaenahonua; ʻo nā wahi nui ʻē aʻe i loaʻa kahi aniau subtropical, wela a maloʻo. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻāina i 13 mau ʻāina: Māhele ʻo Riyadh, Meka Region, ʻĀina ʻo Medina, ʻĀpana Hikina, ʻĀina ʻo Qasim, ʻĀpana Haʻil, ʻĀpana Asir, ʻĀpana Baha, Tabu Croatia, Northern Frontier, Jizan, Najran, Zhufu. Aia nā kalana pae mua a me nā kalana pae ʻelua i ka ʻāina, a me nā kaona pae pae mua a me nā kaona pae kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o nā kalana.

• Riyadh: ʻo Riyadh City (Riyadh) ke kapikala o ke Aupuni Mōʻī o Saudi Arabia, ka noho o ka hale aliʻi, a me ke kapikala o Riyadh Province. ʻO ka wahi o ke kūlanakauhale he 1,600 kilomika kilomika. Aia ma nā awāwa maloʻo ʻekolu o Hanifa, Aisan a me Baixahanzai ma ka Nezhi Plateau ma waenakonu o ka Arabian Peninsula, aia ia 520 mau mika ma luna o ke kai, ma kahi o 386 kilomita hikina o ke awāwa ʻo Persian, a me kahi oasis kokoke. Maloʻo ke aniau a wela. ʻO ka mahana mahana ma Iulai he 33 ℃ a ʻo ka mahana kiʻekiʻe he 45 ℃; ka mahana ma Ianuali he 14 ℃ a ʻo ka mahana haʻahaʻa he 100 ℃; ka awelika o ka mahana ma 25 ℃. ʻO ka hoʻoulu makahiki he 81.3 mm. Ma kahi kokoke kahi oasis me nā lāʻau pāma nui a me nā punawai maopopo, i hāʻawi iā Riyadh i kona inoa (ʻo Riyadh kahi ʻano nui o "māla" ma ʻAlapia). Ma waena o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāwalu, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka inoa ʻo Riyadh ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kahi pā kūlanakauhale a puni ʻo Riyadh. I ka 1824, ua lilo ia i kapikala o ka ʻohana aliʻi Saudi. Pili i ka ʻohana Rashid ma 1891. I 1902, ʻo Abdul Aziz, ka mea hoʻokumu o ke Aupuni o Saudi Arabia, alakaʻi i kāna pūʻali koa e noho hou iā Riyadh. Ke hoʻokumu ʻia ke aupuni i 1932, ua lilo ia i poʻo nui. I ka manawa o ka hoʻouka kaua ma Cliyad, ke kū nei ka Castle Masmak hope loa. Mai ka makahiki 1930, ua lilo koke ʻo Riyadh i kūlanakauhale i kēia manawa no ka nui o ka loaʻa kālā aila a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka halihali. Aia kekahi alahao ma ka hikina i ke awa ʻo Dammam, a aia kahi kahua mokulele ma nā wahi kai ākau. Riyadh ke kikowaena aupuni kālepa, moʻomeheu, aʻo a me nā kikowaena halihali o Saudi Arabia. Me ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki o nā kumu ʻaila, ua kūkulu ia i kahi kūlanakauhale e kū nei i kēia ao. Hoʻopuka ka wahi mahiʻai ʻoasis i nā lā, ka palaoa a me nā mea kanu. ʻO nā ʻoihana e hoʻopili ana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe aila, petrochemicals, sima, lole, a pēlā aku. He wahi transit ia ma waena o ke Kaiʻula a me ke awāwa ʻo Persian, a me kahi kikowaena hāʻawi no nā huahana mahiʻai a me nā holoholona. Nā kahua halihali ʻāina no nā Mahometa i ʻIrana, ʻIraka a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe e hele i Meka a me Medina no hajj. Aia nā ala kaʻaahi hou a me nā alaloa e hiki aku ana i ke kapakai, a aia nā laina air a me nā alaloa e pili ana i ka home a me ka haole.
  "Hajj" kekahi o nā ʻōnaehana maʻamau e pono ai ka poʻe ukali o Hoʻomana Mohamali Aia kahi hālāwai makahiki e hāpai hoʻolaha wale i ka ʻike a me ka pilina ma waena o nā Mahometa o nā ʻāina like ʻole. No nā makahiki he 1000 a ʻoi aku, me ka hoʻonui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka halihali, ua hoʻonui ka nui o nā Mahometa e hele ana i Meka no ka hele malihini ʻana i kēlā me kēia makahiki. , Kahi honua kaleidoscope. Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ke Aupuni ʻo Saudi Arabia ma 1932, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Meka ma ke ʻano he "haipule haipule" a ke mālama ʻia nei e nā pua a Muhammad. ʻO ke kūlanakauhale kahiko o Meka i kapa ʻia ʻo "Ibrahim Depression" i ke awāwa muliwai. Aia nā ʻākoakoa o nā hale haipule a me nā hale aliʻi me ke ʻano o ke au kahiko. Hoʻopili ʻia nā alanui kūiki me nā hale kūʻai kahiko. Ke hoʻomau nei nā lole, nā ʻōlelo a me nā loina o nā kamaʻāina i kekahi kaila o ke au Muhammad.