Ukraine has an area of ​​603,700 square kilometers (2.7% of the area of ​​the former Soviet Union), 1,300 kilometers from east to west, and 900 kilometers from north to south. It is located in eastern Europe, on the northern shores of the Black Sea and the Sea of ​​Azov. It borders Belarus to the north, Russia to the northeast, Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west, and Romania and Moldova to the south. Most areas belong to the Eastern European plains. Govira Mountain in the Western Carpathian Mountains is the highest peak at 2061 meters above sea level; in the south is the Roman-Koshi Mountain of the Crimean Mountains. The northeast is part of the highlands of Central Russia, and there are the coastal hills of the Sea of ​​Azov and the Donets Range in the southeast. There are 116 rivers over 100 kilometers in the territory, and the longest is the Dnieper. There are more than 3,000 natural lakes in the territory, mainly including Yalpug Lake and Sasek Lake. Affected by the warm and humid Atlantic air currents, most areas have a temperate continental climate, and the southern part of the Crimea Peninsula has a subtropical climate. The average temperature in January is -7.4℃, and the average temperature in July is 19.6℃. The annual precipitation is 300 mm in the southeast and 600-700 mm in the northwest, mostly in June and July.

Ukraine is divided into 24 states, 1 autonomous republic, 2 municipalities, and a total of 27 administrative divisions. The details are as follows: Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Kiev Oblast, Vinnytsia Oblast, Volyn Oblast, Dnepropetrovsk Oblast, Donetsk Oblast, Zhytomyr Oblast, Zakarpattia Oblast , Zaporizhia Oblast, Ivan-Frankivsk Oblast, Kirovgrad Oblast, Lugansk Oblast, Lviv Oblast, Nikolaev Oblast, Odessa Oblast, Poltava Oblast , Rivne Oblast, Sumi Oblast, Ternopil Oblast, Kharkov Oblast, Kherson Oblast, Khmelnitsky Oblast, Cherkassy Oblast, Chernivtsi Oblast, Chernivtsi Oblast Nico, Friesland, Kiev municipalities, and Sevastopol municipalities.

Ukraine has an important geographical location and good natural conditions. It has been a battleground for military strategists in history, and Ukraine has suffered from war. The Ukrainian nation is a branch of the ancient Rus. The term "Ukraine" was first seen in The History of Ross (1187). From the 9th to the 12th century AD, most of Ukraine is now merged into Kievan Rus. From 1237 to 1241, the Mongolian Golden Horde (Badu) conquered and occupied Kiev, and the city was destroyed. In the 14th century, it was ruled by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Poland. The Ukrainian nation was roughly formed in the 15th century. In 1654, Eastern Ukraine merged into Russia, and Western Ukraine gained autonomy within Russia. Western Ukraine was also merged into Russia in the 1790s. On December 12, 1917, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was established. The period from 1918 to 1920 was the period of foreign armed intervention. The Soviet Union was established in 1922, and Eastern Ukraine joined the Union and became one of the founding countries of the Soviet Union. In November 1939, Western Ukraine merged with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. In August 1940, parts of Northern Bukovina and Bessarabia were merged into Ukraine. In 1941, Ukraine was occupied by German fascists. In October 1944, Ukraine was liberated. In October 1945, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic joined the United Nations as a non-independent state with the Soviet Union. On July 16, 1990, the Supreme Soviet of Ukraine passed the "Declaration of the State Sovereignty of Ukraine", declaring that Ukraine's Constitution and laws are superior to the laws of the Union; and the right to establish its own armed forces. On August 24, 1991, Ukraine separated from the Soviet Union, declared its independence, and changed its name to Ukraine.

National flag: It is rectangular, composed of two parallel and equal horizontal rectangles, the ratio of length to width is 3:2. Ukraine established the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1917 and became a republic of the former Soviet Union in 1922. Since 1952, it adopted a red flag with a five-pointed star, sickle and hammer pattern similar to the former Soviet Union flag, except that the lower part of the flag was blue. Color wide edges. In 1991, independence was declared, and the blue and yellow flag of Ukraine when independence was restored in 1992 was the national flag.

Ukraine has a total population of 46,886,400 (February 1, 2006). There are more than 110 ethnic groups, of which the Ukrainian ethnic group accounts for more than 70%. The others are Russian, Belarusian, Jewish, Crimean Tatar, Moldova, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Greece, Germany, Bulgaria and other ethnic groups. The official language is Ukrainian, and Russian is commonly used. The main religions are Eastern Orthodox and Catholicism.

Ukraine industry and agriculture are relatively developed. The main industrial sectors include metallurgy, machinery manufacturing, petroleum processing, shipbuilding, aerospace, and aviation. Rich in grains and sugar, its economic strength ranks second in the former Soviet Union, and is known as the "granary" in the former Soviet Union. The three economic zones along the Donets-Dnieper River, namely the Jingji District, the Southwest Economic Zone and the South Economic Zone, are relatively developed in industry, agriculture, transportation and tourism. Coal, metallurgy, machinery, and chemical industries are the four pillars of its economy. It not only has forests and grasslands, but also has many rivers flowing through it, and it is rich in water resources. The forest coverage rate is 4.3%. Rich in mineral deposits, there are 72 kinds of mineral resources, mainly coal, iron, manganese, nickel, titanium, mercury, lead, oil, natural gas, etc.

Ukraine has a serious energy shortage. Natural gas alone needs to import 73 billion cubic meters each year. The total value of various energy imports each year is about 8 billion US dollars, accounting for more than two-thirds of the total export. Russia is Ukraine's largest energy supplier. In recent years, Ukraine’s foreign trade has always accounted for about one-third of its GDP. It mainly exports ferrous metallurgical products, machinery and equipment, motors, fertilizers, iron ore, agricultural products, etc., and imports natural gas, petroleum, complete sets of equipment, chemical fibers, polyethylene, wood, medicine, etc. Ukraine has a wide variety of animals, including more than 350 species of birds, about 100 species of mammals and more than 200 species of fish.

Kiev: Kyiv, the capital of the Republic of Ukraine (Kyiv), is located in the north-central Ukraine, on the middle reaches of the Dnieper River. It is a port on the Dnieper River and an important railway hub. Kiev has a long history. It was once the center of the first Russian country, Kievan Rus, and therefore has the title of "Mother of Russian Cities". Archaeology shows that Kiev was built at the end of the 6th century and the beginning of the 7th century. In 822 AD, it became the capital of the feudal country of Kievan Rus and gradually prospered through trade. Converted to Orthodox Church in 988. The 10-11th century was very prosperous and it was called the "city of kings" on the Dnieper. By the 12th century, Kiev had developed into a major European city, with more than 400 churches, famous for church art and handmade products. It was captured by the Mongols in 1240, many parts of the city were destroyed and most of the residents were killed. Occupied by the Principality of Lithuania in 1362, it was transferred to Poland in 1569 and Russia in 1686. In the 19th century, urban trade expanded and modern industry emerged. In the 1860s, it was connected to Moscow and Odessa by rail. In 1918 it became the independent capital of Ukraine. The city suffered severe damage during World War II. In 1941, after 80 days of fierce battle between the Soviet and German forces, the German forces occupied Kiev. In 1943, the Soviet army liberated Kiev.

Kiev is one of the important industrial centers of the former Soviet Union. There are factories all over the city, the most concentrated in the west of the downtown area and the left bank of the Dnieper River. There are many types of manufacturing industries. Kiev has developed transportation and is a water, land and air transportation hub. There are railways and roads to Moscow, Kharkov, Donbass, Southern Ukraine, Odessa Port, Western Ukraine and Poland. The shipping capacity of the Dnieper River is relatively high. Boryspil Airport has air routes to most major cities in the CIS, many cities and towns in Ukraine, and countries such as Romania and Bulgaria.

Kiev has a long cultural tradition and outstanding achievements in medical and cybernetic research. The city has 20 colleges and universities and more than 200 scientific research institutions. The most famous institution of higher learning is the Kyiv National University, which was established on September 16, 1834. It is the highest institution in Ukraine with 20,000 students. Kiev’s welfare facilities include general and specialized hospitals, kindergartens, nursing homes, and children’s holiday camps. There are also more than 1,000 libraries, nearly 30 museums and former residences of historical figures.