I-Ukraine inendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-603,700 (2.7% yendawo eyayiyiSoviet Union), amakhilomitha ayi-1,300 ukusuka empumalanga kuya entshonalanga, namakhilomitha angama-900 ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu. Itholakala empumalanga yeYurophu, ogwini olusenyakatho loLwandle Olumnyama nolwandle i-Azov. Unqamula iBelarus ngasenyakatho, neRussia iye enyakatho-mpumalanga, nePoland, neSlovakia, neHungary ngasentshonalanga, neRomania neMoldova ngaseningizimu. Izindawo eziningi zingamathafa aseMpumalanga Yurophu. IGovira Mountain ezintabeni zaseWestern Carpathian iyisiqongo esiphakeme kakhulu kumamitha angama-2061 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle; eningizimu yiNtaba yaseRoma-Koshi yezintaba zaseCrimea. Inyakatho-mpumalanga iyingxenye yezinkangala zaseCentral Russia, futhi kunamagquma asogwini oLwandle i-Azov neDonets Range eningizimu-mpumalanga. Kunemifula eyi-116 engaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-100 kule nsimu, kanti ende kunazo zonke yiDnieper. Kunamachibi emvelo angaphezu kwama-3,000 kule ndawo, ikakhulukazi afaka iYalpug Lake neSasek Lake. Zithintwe yimisinga yomoya efudumele futhi enomswakama yase-Atlantic, izindawo eziningi zinesimo sezulu esipholile sezwekazi, kanti ingxenye eseningizimu yeCrimea Peninsula inesimo sezulu esishisayo. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ngoJanuwari ngu -7.4 ℃, kanti izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ngoJulayi ngu-19.6 ℃. Imvula yonyaka ingama-300 mm eningizimu-mpumalanga kanye no-600-700 mm enyakatho-ntshonalanga, ikakhulukazi ngoJuni nangoJulayi.

I-Ukraine ihlukaniswe izifunda ezingama-24, i-republic ezizimele eyi-1, omasipala ababili, kanye nezigaba zokuphatha ezingama-27. Imininingwane imi kanje: I-Autonomous Republic of Crimea, i-Kiev Oblast, i-Vinnytsia Oblast, i-Volyn Oblast, i-Dnepropetrovsk Oblast, iSifunda saseDonetsk, iZhytomyr Oblast, iZakarpattia Oblast , IZaporizhia Oblast, i-Ivan-Frankivsk Oblast, iKirovgrad Oblast, iLugansk Oblast, iLviv Oblast, iNikolaev Oblast, i-Odessa Oblast, iPoltava Oblast , Rivne Oblast, Sumi Oblast, Ternopil Oblast, Kharkov Oblast, Kherson Oblast, Khmelnitsky Oblast, Cherkassy Oblast, Chernivtsi Oblast, eChernivtsi Oblast INico, Friesland, omasipala baseKiev, nomasipala baseSevastopol.

I-Ukraine inendawo ebalulekile yezindawo nezimo zemvelo ezinhle.Kube yindawo yokulwa yosomaqhinga bezempi emlandweni, kanti i-Ukraine ihlushwe yizimpi. Isizwe sase-Ukraine siyigatsha leRus lasendulo. Igama elithi "Ukraine" laqala ukubonakala ku-The History of Ross (1187). Kusukela ngekhulu lesi-9 kuya kwele-12 AD, iningi lase-Ukraine manje selihlanganiswe neKievan Rus. Kusukela ngo-1237 kuya ku-1241, iGolden Horde (Badu) yaseMongolia yanqoba yathatha iKiev, futhi idolobha labhujiswa. Ngekhulu le-14, laliphethwe yiGrand Duchy yaseLithuania nasePoland. Isizwe sase-Ukraine sakhiwe cishe ngekhulu le-15. I-Eastern Ukraine yahlangana neRussia ngo-1654, kanti iNtshonalanga ye-Ukraine yathola inkululeko eRussia. INtshonalanga Ukraine nayo yahlanganiswa neRussia ngawo-1790. NgoDisemba 12, 1917, kwasungulwa i-Ukraine Soviet Socialist Republic. Isikhathi esisuka ku-1918 kuya ku-1920 kwakuyisikhathi sokungenelela kwezikhali zakwamanye amazwe. ISoviet Union yasungulwa ngo-1922, kanti i-Eastern Ukraine yajoyina i-Union futhi yaba ngelinye lamazwe asungula iSoviet Union. NgoNovemba 1939, iWestern Ukraine yahlangana neRiphabhulikhi YaseSoviet Yobusoshiyali Yase-Ukraine. Ngo-Agasti 1940, izingxenye zeNyakatho Bukovina neBessarabia zahlanganiswa zaba yi-Ukraine. Ngo-1941, i-Ukraine yayiphethwe amaFascist aseJalimane. Ngo-Okthoba 1944, i-Ukraine yakhululwa. Ngo-Okthoba 1945, i-Ukraine Soviet Socialist Republic yajoyina i-United Nations njengombuso ongazimele neSoviet Union. NgoJulayi 16, 1990, iSupreme Soviet yase-Ukraine yadlulisa "Isimemezelo Sobukhosi Bombuso base-Ukraine", imemezela ukuthi uMthethosisekelo wase-Ukraine nemithetho iphakeme kunemithetho yeNyunyana; futhi inelungelo lokusungula amabutho ayo ahlomile. Ngo-Agasti 24, 1991, i-Ukraine yahlukana neSoviet Union, yamemezela inkululeko yayo, futhi yashintsha igama yaba i-Ukraine.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Lingunxande, lakhiwe ngamaxande amabili ahambisanayo futhi alinganayo, isilinganiso sobude nobubanzi ngu-3: 2. I-Ukraine yasungula i-Ukraine Soviet Socialist Republic ngo-1917 futhi yaba yi-republic yezwe elaliyiSoviet Union ngo-1922. Kusukela ngo-1952, yamukela ifulegi elibomvu elinezinkanyezi ezinamaphuzu amahlanu, isikela nephethini lesando elifana nefulegi langaphambili leSoviet Union, ngaphandle kokuthi ingxenye engezansi yefulegi yayihlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Faka imibala emaphethelweni. Ukuzimela kwamenyezelwa ngo-1991, kwathi ifulegi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi lapho i-Ukraine ibuyiselwa kwinkululeko ngo-1992 kwakuyifulegi lesizwe.

I-Ukraine inenani labantu abangama-46,886,400 (Februwari 1, 2006). Kunezinhlanga ezingaphezu kwe-110, lapho iqembu lesizwe lase-Ukraine libala ngaphezu kwama-70 %. Amanye angamaRussia, amaBelarusian, amaJuda, amaCatar aseCrimea, iMoldova, iPoland, iHungary, iRomania, iGrisi, iJalimane, iBulgaria kanye nezinye izinhlanga. Ulimi olusemthethweni isi-Ukraine, futhi isiRussia sisetshenziswa kakhulu. Izinkolo eziyinhloko yi-Eastern Orthodox nobuKatolika.

Imboni yase-Ukraine nezolimo kuthuthukiswa ngokuqhathaniswa. Imikhakha emikhulu yezimboni ifaka insimbi, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini, ukucutshungulwa kukaphethiloli, ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi, i-aerospace nezindiza. Ecebile okusanhlamvu noshukela, amandla ayo kwezomnotho alala isibili ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union futhi aziwa ngokuthi "yigranari" ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union. Izindawo ezintathu zomnotho ezigudle uMfula iDonets-Dnieper, okuyisifunda iJingji, iSouthwest Economic Zone kanye neSouth Economic Zone, zithuthukiswe kakhulu embonini, ezolimo, ezokuthutha kanye nezokuvakasha. Amalahle, insimbi, imishini, nezimboni zamakhemikhali yizinsika ezine zomnotho wawo. Ayigcini nje ngokuba namahlathi nezindawo ezinotshani, kodwa futhi inemifula eminingi egeleza ngayo, futhi icebile ngemithombo yamanzi. Izinga lokumbozwa kwamahlathi lingu-4.3%. Ecebile ezindaweni ezifakwa amaminerali, kunezinhlobo ezingama-72 zezinsizakusebenza zamaminerali, ikakhulukazi amalahle, i-iron, i-manganese, i-nickel, i-titanium, i-mercury, i-lead, uwoyela, igesi yemvelo, njll.

I-Ukraine inenkinga enkulu yokushoda kwamandla.Igesi yemvelo iyodwa idinga ukungenisa amazwe angama-cubic metres ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-73 unyaka ngamunye.Ingqikithi yenani lokungeniswa kwamandla okuhlukahlukene unyaka ngamunye cishe ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili, okubalwa ngaphezu kwengxenye yesibili kokuthathu kokuthekelisa okuphelele. I-Russia ingumhlinzeki wamandla omkhulu wase-Ukraine. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe e-Ukraine bekulokhu kufinyelela cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ze-GDP yayo. Ithekisa kakhulu imikhiqizo eyinsimbi ye-metallurgical, imishini nemishini, izinjini, imanyolo, insimbi, imikhiqizo yezolimo, njll, kanye nokungenisa igesi yemvelo, uphethiloli, amasethi aphelele emishini, imicu yamakhemikhali, i-polyethylene, ukhuni, imithi, njll. I-Ukraine inezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-350 zezinyoni, izinhlobo ezingaba yikhulu zezilwane ezincelisayo nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zezinhlanzi.

I-Kiev: IKyiv, inhlokodolobha yeRiphabhulikhi yase-Ukraine (iKyiv), itholakala enyakatho-maphakathi ne-Ukraine, maphakathi nomfula iDnieper. Itheku loMfula iDnieper kanye nehabhu lesitimela elibalulekile. IKiev inomlando omude.Kwake kwaba yisikhungo sezwe lokuqala laseRussia, iKievan Rus, ngakho-ke sinesihloko esithi "Umama Wamadolobha aseRussia". Imivubukulo ikhombisa ukuthi iKiev yakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-6 kanye nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-7. Ngo-822 AD, yaba inhlokodolobha yezwe elinombuso waseKievan Rus, futhi lachuma kancane kancane ngokuhweba. Ishintshelwe eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox ngo-988. Ikhulu le-10-11 lalichume kakhulu, futhi labizwa "ngomuzi wamakhosi" eDnieper. Ngekhulu le-12, iKiev yayisikhule yaba idolobha elikhulu laseYurophu, elinamasonto angaphezu kuka-400, adume ngobuciko besonto nemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngezandla. Yathunjwa ngamaMongol ngo-1240, izingxenye eziningi zedolobha zabhujiswa kwathi iningi lezakhamizi labulawa. Iphethwe yi-Principality of Lithuania ngo-1362, yadluliselwa ePoland ngo-1569 naseRussia ngo-1686. Ngekhulu le-19, ukuhweba emadolobheni kwanda futhi kwavela imboni yesimanje. Ujantshi oxhunywe neMoscow ne-Odessa ngawo-1860s. Ngo-1918 yaba inhlokodolobha ezimele yase-Ukraine. Idolobha lalimala kakhulu ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II. Ngo-1941, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-80 zempi eshubile phakathi kwamasosha aseSoviet nawaseJalimane, amabutho amaJalimane ahlala eKiev. Ngo-1943, ibutho laseSoviet lakhulula iKiev.

I-Kiev ingesinye sezikhungo zezimboni ezibalulekile ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union.Kunezimboni kulo lonke idolobha, ezigxile kakhulu entshonalanga yendawo yedolobha kanye nebhange langakwesobunxele loMfula iDnieper.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezimboni zokukhiqiza. I-Kiev ithuthukise ezokuthutha futhi iyindawo yokuhamba ngamanzi, umhlaba nomoya.Kunezitimela nemigwaqo eya eMoscow, eKharkov, eDonbass, e-Southern Ukraine, e-Odessa Port, e-Western Ukraine nasePoland. Umthamo wokuthumela woMfula iDnieper uphakeme kakhulu. Isikhumulo sezindiza iBoryspil sinemizila yomoya eya emadolobheni amakhulu amakhulu e-CIS, emadolobheni amaningi nasemadolobheni ase-Ukraine, nasemazweni anjengeRomania neBulgaria.

I-Kiev inenkambiso ende yamasiko nempumelelo evelele ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha ne-cybernetic. Idolobha linamakholeji namayunivesithi angama-20 nezikhungo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zocwaningo lwesayensi. Isikhungo esidume kakhulu semfundo ephakeme yiKyiv National University, esungulwe ngoSepthemba 16, 1834, futhi yisikhungo esiphakeme kunazo zonke e-Ukraine esinabafundi abangama-20,000. Izikhungo zezenhlalakahle zaseKiev zifaka phakathi izibhedlela ezijwayelekile nezikhethekile, izinkulisa, amakhaya asebekhulile, kanye nezinkambu zamaholide zezingane.Kukhona nemitapo yolwazi engaphezu kwengu-1 000, iminyuziyamu ecishe ibe ngama-30 kanye nezindawo zokuhlala zangaphambili zomlando.