Tajikistan Cov Ntaub Ntawv Sau Yooj Yim
Sijhawm hauv zos | Koj lub sijhawm |
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Zos cheeb tsam | Sij hawm cheeb tsam sib txawv |
UTC/GMT +5 teev |
latitude / ntev ntev |
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38°51'29"N / 71°15'43"E |
iso encoding |
TJ / TJK |
txiaj |
Somoni (TJS) |
Lus |
Tajik (official) Russian widely used in government and business |
hluav taws xob |
Ntaus c European 2-nawj Hom Ⅰ Australian ntsaws |
chij teb chaws |
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peev |
Dushanbe |
cov npe hauv txhab cia nyiaj |
Tajikistan cov npe hauv txhab cia nyiaj |
pejxeem |
7,487,489 |
thaj chaw |
143,100 KM2 |
GDP (USD) |
8,513,000,000 |
xov tooj |
393,000 |
Xov tooj ntawm tes |
6,528,000 |
Tus naj npawb ntawm Is Taws Nem |
6,258 |
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv Is Taws Nem |
700,000 |
Tajikistan taw qhia
Tajikistan npog thaj tsam ntawm 143,100 square km thiab yog lub teb chaws tsis muaj leej twg nyob hauv cov tebchaws Central Asia. Nws muaj ciam teb rau tebchaws Uzbekistan thiab Kyrgyzstan mus rau sab hnub poob thiab Kyrgyzstan, Tuam Tshoj lub Xinjiang mus rau sab hnub tuaj, thiab Afghanistan nyob rau sab qab teb. Nws nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm roob, 90% ntawm cov chaw yog roob thiab toj siab, thiab kwv yees li ntawm ib nrab yog dua 3000 metres siab dua hiav txwv hiav txwv. Nws hu ua "lub teb chaws roob". Lub roob sab qaum teb yog los ntawm Tianshan lub roob system, qhov nruab nrab yog koom nrog Gisar-Altai lub roob txheej txheem, lub yav qab teb sab hnub tuaj yog cov daus npog Pamir, sab qaum teb yog sab hnub poob ntawm Fergana Phiab, thiab qab teb sab hnub poob yog Wahsh Valley, Gisar Valley thiab Geyser Valley. Aka hav thiab lwm yam. Tajikistan, lub npe tag nrho ntawm Lub koom pheej ntawm Tajikistan, siv thaj tsam ntawm 143,100 square km, thiab yog lub teb chaws tsis muaj tebchaws nyob rau sab qab teb Central Asia. Nws muaj ciam teb rau tebchaws Uzbekistan thiab Kyrgyzstan mus rau sab hnub poob thiab Kyrgyzstan, Tuam Tshoj lub Xinjiang mus rau sab hnub tuaj, thiab Afghanistan nyob rau sab qab teb. Nws nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm roob, 90% ntawm cov chaw yog roob thiab toj siab, thiab kwv yees li ntawm ib nrab yog dua 3000 metres siab dua hiav txwv hiav txwv. Nws hu ua "lub teb chaws roob". Lub roob sab qaum teb yog los ntawm Tianshan lub roob system, qhov nruab nrab yog nyob rau ntawm Gisar-Altai lub roob system, qhov sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj yog cov daus npog Pamir, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws yog lub ncov suav nrog qhov nce ntawm 7495 meters. Nyob rau sab qaum teb yog nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub Fergana Phiab, thiab nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob muaj lub Hav Zoov Wahsh, Gysar Valley thiab Penchi Valley. Feem ntau ntawm cov niam dej yog dej ntawm cov dej khov dej, feem ntau suav nrog Syr, Amu Darya, Zelafshan, Vakhsh thiab Fernigan. Lub chaw tso dej tau txais txiaj ntsig. Cov pas dej feem ntau muab faib rau hauv Pamirs. Kara lub pas dej yog lub pas dej ntsev loj tshaj plaws, 3965 meters siab tshaj hiav txwv. Thaj chaw tag nrho muaj qhov kev nyab xeeb tsis tu ncua.Qhov kev nyab xeeb nyob hauv cov roob siab tshaj qhov nce ntxiv nrog qhov nce siab, thiab qhov kub sib txawv ntawm sab qaum teb thiab qab teb yog qhov loj. Tag nrho thaj chaw muaj kev nyab xeeb huab cua hloov mus ntxiv, nrog rau qhov kub nruab nrab ntawm -2 ℃ ~ 2 ℃ thaum Lub Ib Hlis thiab qhov nruab nrab kub txog 23 ℃ ℃ 30 ℃ thaum Lub Xya Hli. Lub sijhawm nag cua txhua xyoo yog 150-250 hli. Sab hnub poob ntawm Pamir yog them nrog cov daus tag nrho ib puag ncig xyoo, sib sau ua cov dej khov loj. Muaj ntau hom tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag hauv thaj chaw, thiab muaj ntau dua 5,000 yam nroj tsuag ib leeg. Lub teb chaws tau muab faib ua peb lub xeev, ib cheeb tsam, thiab ib lub nroog ncaj qha nyob hauv Tsoomfwv Nruab Nrab: Gorno-Badakhshan Xeev, Soghd Xeev (yav tas los Lub Xeev Leninabad), Khatlon Lub Xeev, thiab Tsoomfwv Central. Koog tsev kawm ntawv thiab Dushanbe lub nroog. Thaum xyoo 9 txog 10 xyoo pua AD, lub teb chaws Tajik tau tsim, thiab nws yog lub tebchaws qub nyob rau Central Asia. Hauv lub xyoo pua 9, Tajiks tau tsim thawj thawj lub tebchaws loj thiab muaj zog Samanid lub caij nrog Bukhara ua lub nroog nyob hauv keeb kwm. Lub teb chaws kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev lis kev cai ntawm Tajiks nyob hauv lub sijhawm xyoo pua keeb kwm no. daim ntawv. Koom nrog cov nceeg vaj ntawm Ghaznavid thiab Kharzm los ntawm 10 mus rau 13th centuries. Tsum yeej los ntawm cov Moob Tatars hauv xyoo pua 13th. Koom tes nrog Bukhara Khanate txij thaum 16th caug xyoo. Xyoo 1868, ntu Fergana thiab Samarkand nyob rau sab qaum teb tau los sib sau ua ke rau hauv tebchaws Russia, thiab Bukhara Khan nyob rau sab qab teb yog lub xeev vassal Lavxias. Lub Tebchaws Xaj Xaj ntawm Xaj Tsaj Xaj Xaj Xaj tau tsim nyob rau lub Kaum Hlis 16, 1929, thiab nws koom nrog Soviet Union rau Kaum Ob Hlis 5 ntawm tib lub xyoo. Lub Yim Hli 24, 1990, Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Siab Tshaj Plaws ntawm Tajikistan txais yuav Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Lub Tebchaws Ntawm Lub Tebchaws. Thaum lub Yim Hli 1991, nws tau hloov npe hu ua "Republic of Tajikistan" Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 9 ntawm tib lub xyoo, koom pheej ntawm Tajikistan tshaj tawm tias nws muaj kev ywj pheej. Hnub no tau lees tias yog hnub ywj pheej koom pheej thiab nws koom nrog CIS rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 21. Lub teb chaws chij: Nws yog kab rov tav plaub sib npaug uas muaj qhov sib piv ntawm ntev kom dav txog li 2: 1. Los ntawm sab saud mus rau hauv qab, nws muaj peb lub duab kab sib dhos ua kab rov tav liab, dawb, thiab ntsuab. Hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov seem dawb, muaj lub hau thiab xya tusyees faib tsib lub hnub qub. Liab lub cim qhia txog lub yeej ntawm lub teb chaws, ntsuab piv txog txoj kev vam meej thiab kev cia siab, thiab dawb sawv cev rau kev ntseeg kev ntseeg; Tajikistan tau dhau los ua kev tshaj lij ntawm lub tebchaws qub Soviet xyoo 1929. Txij li xyoo 1953, nws tau saws lub cim liab nrog lub hnub qub tsib taw qhia daj, tus qauv ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab tus nplawm rau sab qaum thiab dawb thiab ntsuab kab txaij kab rov tav nyob rau qhov qis. Kev ywj pheej tau tshaj tawm rau lub Cuaj Hlis 9, 1991, thiab tus chij hauv tebchaws tam sim no tau raug coj los siv. Cov neeg Tajikistan yog 6,919,600 (Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2005). Cov haiv neeg tseem ceeb yog Tajik (70.5%), Uzbek (26.5%), Lavxias (0.32%), ntxiv rau Tatar, Kyrgyz, Ukrainian, Turkmen, Kazakh, Belarus, Armenia thiab lwm pawg neeg. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg ntseeg nyob hauv Islam, feem ntau ntawm lawv yog Sunni, thiab thaj chaw Pamir yog pawg neeg Shiite Ismaili pawg neeg. Lub teb chaws lus yog Tajik (indo-European Iranian tsev neeg, zoo ib yam li Persian), thiab Lavxias yog cov lus ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm haiv neeg. Cov khoom siv hauv lub ntiaj teb yog cov hlau tsis zoo (cov hlau lead, zinc, tungsten, antimony, muaj mercury, thiab lwm yam), cov hlau tsis tshua muaj, zeb, zeb ntsev, ntxiv rau cov roj, nkev, uranium ntau thiab ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev. Cov. Uranium tshwj xeeb yog thawj nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas ntawm Tebchaws Zwj Zeej, thiab cov hmoov txhuas thiab cov av zinc nyob rau hauv Central Asia. Kev lag luam tsuas yog nyob hauv Dushanbe thiab Leninabad, feem ntau tsuas yog kev lag luam mining, lub teeb pom kev lag luam thiab khoom noj khoom haus. Lub zog hluav taws xob tau ua tiav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab nws cov peev xwm ib leeg rau peev txheej yog cov theem siab ntawm cov thoob ntiaj teb. Lub teeb pom kev lag luam yog ua los ntawm paj rwb ginning, lo lo lo ntxhuav thiab rov ua dua ntaub pam. Cov zaub mov kev lag luam feem ntau yog cov roj tawm, ua kom muaj roj ntxiv, ua cawv txiv hmab, thiab ua kua txiv thiab zaub ntxiv. Kev ua liaj ua teb yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam. Orchard, kev ua kom yooj yim thiab kev cog qoob loo tseem ceeb dua. Tus tsiaj tu tsiaj tsuas yog nog zaub, yug yaj, nyuj thiab nees. Cov paj rwb cog kev lag luam ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, thiab yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov ntaub ua zoo paj rwb. Dushanbe yog lub nroog tshiab tsim los ntawm peb lub zos deb xws li Kyushambe tom qab Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Tawm Tsam Rov Los. Txij xyoo 1925, luag tau hu lub nroog. Ua ntej xyoo 1925, nws tau hu ua Kishrak (lub ntsiab lus lub zos). Nws hu ua Dushanbe txij xyoo 1925 txog 1929, uas yog txhais ua Joushambe, txhais tau tias Monday Nws tau tis npe tom qab hnub Monday kev lag luam. Txij xyoo 1929 txog xyoo 1961, nws hu ua Stalinabad, uas txhais tau tias "Stalin City". Xyoo 1929, nws tau dhau los ua lub peev ntawm Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (koom pheej ntawm lub tebchaws qub Soviet). Tom qab xyoo 1961, nws lub npe hu ua Dushanbe. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1991, nws tau dhau los ua lub peev ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Tajikistan uas tshaj tawm nws qhov kev ywj pheej. Dushanbe yog lub chaw pabcuam tebchaws, kev tsim khoom, keebkwm thiab neeg kev coj noj coj ua. Cov kev hauv nroog muaj cov phiaj xwm kab sib chaws, thiab cov tsev feem ntau yog bungalows kom tiv thaiv av qeeg. Cov koom haum tswj hwm, kev coj noj coj ua, kev kawm thiab tshawb fawb txog kev lag luam yog nyob hauv plawv nroog, thiab thaj chaw yav qab teb thiab sab hnub poob ntawm thaj chaw yog thaj chaw tshiab thiab thaj chaw tshiab. Lub koom haum tshawb fawb feem ntau suav nrog koom pheej koom pheej ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Tajik Tajik Institute ntawm Agricultural Science. Cov chaw haujlwm ntawm cov kev kawm siab muaj xws li Tajik National University, National Medical University, Taoslav University, Agricultural University, thiab lwm yam. |