Tajikistan, izina ryuzuye rya Repubulika ya Tajikistan, ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 143.100, kandi ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya yo hagati. Irahana imbibi na Uzubekisitani na Kirigizisitani mu burengerazuba na Kirigizisitani, Ubushinwa mu Bushinwa mu burasirazuba, na Afuganisitani mu majyepfo. Iherereye mu misozi, 90% muri yo ni ahantu h'imisozi no mu bibaya, kandi hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyayo kiri hejuru ya metero 3000 hejuru y’inyanja. Azwi nk "igihugu cy’imisozi". Umusozi wo mu majyaruguru ni uw'imisozi ya Tianshan, igice cyo hagati ni icy'imisozi ya Gisar-Altai, mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba ni Pamirs itwikiriwe n'urubura, naho hejuru cyane ni impinga y'abakomunisiti ifite uburebure bwa metero 7495. Igice cy'amajyaruguru ni inkombe y'iburengerazuba bw'ikibaya cya Fergana, naho mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bufite ikibaya cya Wahsh, ikibaya cya Gysar, n'ikibaya cya Penchi. Inzuzi nyinshi ni iz'amazi meza, cyane cyane nka Syr, Amu Darya, Zelafshan, Vakhsh na Fernigan. Amikoro y'amazi ni menshi. Ibiyaga ahanini bikwirakwizwa muri Pamirs. Ikiyaga cya Kara nicyo kiyaga kinini cyumunyu gifite uburebure bwa metero 3965. Agace kose gafite ikirere gisanzwe cyumugabane.Ikirere cyumugabane wimisozi miremire cyiyongera hamwe nubwiyongere bwuburebure, kandi itandukaniro ryubushyuhe hagati yamajyaruguru namajyepfo ni nini. Ifasi yose ifite ikirere gisanzwe cyumugabane, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa -2 ℃ ～ 2 ℃ muri Mutarama hamwe nubushyuhe bwa 23 ℃ ～ 30 ℃ muri Nyakanga. Imvura igwa buri mwaka ni mm 150-250. Igice cy’iburengerazuba cya Pamir cyuzuyemo urubura umwaka wose, kigakora ibibarafu binini. Muri ubwo butaka hari ubwoko bwinshi bwinyamaswa n’ibimera, kandi hari amoko arenga 5.000 y’ibimera wenyine.

Igihugu kigabanyijemo leta eshatu, akarere kamwe, na komine imwe iyobowe na guverinoma nkuru: Leta ya Gorno-Badakhshan, Leta ya Soghd (yahoze ari Leta ya Leninabad), Leta ya Khatlon, na Guverinoma yo hagati Intara n'umujyi wa Dushanbe.

Mu kinyejana cya 9 kugeza mu cya 10 nyuma ya Yesu, igihugu cya Tajikistan cyashinzwe ahanini, kandi cyari igihugu cya kera muri Aziya yo Hagati. Mu kinyejana cya 9, Abatijikani bashinze ingoma ya mbere nini kandi ikomeye y’Abasamani hamwe na Bukhara nk'umurwa mukuru mu mateka.Umuco gakondo n'imigenzo y'Abanyatijani byari muri iki gihe cy'amateka. ifishi. Yinjiye mu bwami bwa Ghaznavid na Kharazm mu kinyejana cya 10 -13. Yatsinzwe n'Abatutsi b'Abamongoli mu kinyejana cya 13. Yinjiye mu Bwami bwa Bukhara kuva mu kinyejana cya 16. Mu 1868, ibice bya Fergana na Samarkand mu majyaruguru byahujwe n'Uburusiya, naho Bukhara Khan mu majyepfo yari igihugu cy'Uburusiya. Repubulika y’Abasosiyalisiti y’Abasoviyeti yashinzwe ku ya 16 Ukwakira 1929, yinjira muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti ku ya 5 Ukuboza uwo mwaka. Ku ya 24 Kanama 1990, Abasoviyeti Nkuru ya Tajigistan bemeje Itangazo ry’Ubusugire bwa Repubulika. Mu mpera za Kanama 1991, ryiswe Repubulika ya Tajigistan.Ku ya 9 Nzeri uwo mwaka, Repubulika ya Tajikistan yatangaje ubwigenge bwayo, byemejwe ko ari umunsi w’ubwigenge bwa Repubulika, maze yinjira mu bihugu by’Umuryango w’abibumbye ku ya 21 Ukuboza.

Ibendera ryigihugu: Ni urukiramende rutambitse rufite igipimo cy'uburebure n'ubugari bwa 2: 1. Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi, igizwe nu mpande eshatu zingana zingana zingana zumutuku, umweru, nicyatsi. Hagati yigice cyera, hariho ikamba hamwe na barindwi baringaniye inyenyeri eshanu. Umutuku ushushanya intsinzi y'igihugu, icyatsi kigereranya iterambere n'icyizere, naho umweru ugereranya imyizerere ishingiye ku idini; ikamba na pentagramu bigereranya ubwigenge n'ubusugire bw'igihugu. Tajigistan yabaye repubulika y’icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti mu 1929. Kuva mu 1953, yafashe ibendera ry'umutuku rifite inyenyeri y'umuhondo ifite inyenyeri eshanu, umuhoro n'inyundo ku gice cyo hejuru hamwe n'umurongo wera n'icyatsi kibisi utambitse. Ubwigenge bwatangajwe ku ya 9 Nzeri 1991, kandi ibendera ry'igihugu ririho ubu ryaremejwe.

Abaturage ba Tajikistan ni 6,919.600 (Ukuboza 2005). Amoko nyamukuru ni Tajik (70.5%), Uzubekisitani (26.5%), Ikirusiya (0.32%), usibye Abatatiri, Kirigizisitani, Ukraine, Abanyaturukiya, Kazakisitani, Biyelorusiya, Arumeniya n’andi moko. Benshi mu baturage bemera Islam, abenshi muri bo ni Abasuni, naho agace ka Pamir ni abo mu bwoko bw'Abashiya Ismaili. Ururimi rwigihugu ni Tajikigani (umuryango w’ururimi rw’abanyayirani bo mu Burayi, usa n’Abaperesi), naho Ikirusiya ni rwo rurimi rw’itumanaho hagati y’amoko.

Umutungo kamere ni ibyuma bidafite fer (gurş, zinc, tungsten, antimoni, mercure, nibindi), ibyuma bidasanzwe, amakara, umunyu wamabuye, usibye amavuta, gaze gasanzwe, ubutare bwinshi bwa uranium nibikoresho bitandukanye byubaka . Ububiko bwa Uranium buza ku mwanya wa mbere muri Commonwealth y’ibihugu byigenga, naho ibirombe bya minisiteri na zinc biza ku mwanya wa mbere muri Aziya yo hagati. Inganda zibanda cyane cyane muri Dushanbe na Leninabad, cyane cyane ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, inganda zoroheje n'inganda z'ibiribwa. Inganda z’amashanyarazi zimaze kugera kuri byinshi, kandi umuturage w’umutungo w’amashanyarazi uri ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi. Inganda zoroheje ziganjemo guhingura ipamba, gusudira imyenda no gukora imyenda y'ibitambaro.Ubukorikori bwa rubanda ni bwiza kandi budasanzwe mu buryo. Inganda zibiribwa ahanini zikuramo amavuta, gukuramo ibinure, kunywa vino, no gutunganya imbuto n'imboga. Ubuhinzi nicyo gice cyambere mu bukungu.Ubuhinzi bwimbuto, ubuhinzi bwimbuto ninzabibu nibyingenzi. Inganda z’ubworozi zirisha cyane, korora intama, inka n’amafarasi. Inganda zo guhinga ipamba zigira uruhare runini mubuhinzi, kandi zizwi cyane mugukora ipamba nziza ya fibre nziza.

Dushanbe: Dushanbe (Dushanbe, Душанбе) ni umurwa mukuru wa Tajikistan. Iherereye kuri dogere 38.5 z'uburebure bw'amajyaruguru na dogere 68.8 z'uburebure, hagati y'uruzi rwa Varzob na Kafirnigan. Ikibaya cya Gisar, metero 750-930 hejuru y’inyanja, gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 125. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru mu cyi bushobora kugera kuri 40 and, naho ubushyuhe bwo hasi mu gihe cy'itumba ni -20 winter. Abaturage ni 562.000.Abatuye ahanini ni Abarusiya n'Abatijisite.Ayandi moko arimo Abatatari n'Abany Ukraine.

Dushanbe numujyi mushya washyizweho nimidugudu itatu ya kure harimo na Kyushambe nyuma ya Revolution yo mu Kwakira. Kuva mu 1925, ryiswe umujyi. Mbere ya 1925, yitwaga Kishrak (bisobanura umudugudu). Yiswe Dushanbe kuva 1925 kugeza 1929, ubusanzwe ryasobanuwe nka Joushambe, bisobanura ku wa mbere.Yiswe isoko ryo ku wa mbere. Kuva mu 1929 kugeza 1961, yitwaga Stalinabad, bisobanura "Umujyi wa Stalin". Mu 1929, yabaye umurwa mukuru wa Repubulika y'Abasoviyeti y'Abasoviyeti (Repubulika yahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti). Nyuma ya 1961, ryiswe Dushanbe. Muri Nzeri 1991, yabaye umurwa mukuru wa Repubulika ya Tajikistan yatangaje ubwigenge bwayo.

Dushanbe nikigo cyigihugu cyigisha politiki, inganda, ubumenyi n’umuco. Imihanda yo mumujyi ifite imiterere y'urukiramende, kandi inyubako nyinshi ni bungalows kugirango birinde umutingito. Ibigo byubushakashatsi, umuco, uburezi nubumenyi biri mumujyi rwagati, naho amajyepfo nuburengerazuba bwumujyi ni inganda nshya n’ahantu hatuwe. Ibigo byubushakashatsi byubumenyi birimo ahanini Ishuri Rikuru ryubumenyi rya Repubulika n’Ikigo cy’ubumenyi cy’ubuhinzi cya Tajik. Amashuri makuru arimo kaminuza nkuru ya Tajikistan, kaminuza yubuvuzi yigihugu, kaminuza ya Taoslav, kaminuza yubuhinzi, nibindi.