ITajikistan, igama eligcwele leRiphabhulikhi yaseTajikistan, ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-143,100, futhi iyizwe elingakhiyiwe eliseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia Ephakathi. Unqamula i-Uzbekistan neKyrgyzstan entshonalanga neKyrgyzstan, iChina iXinjiang empumalanga ne-Afghanistan eningizimu. Itholakala endaweni enezintaba, ama-90% awo ayizintaba namathafa, kanti cishe ingxenye yawo ingaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-3000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Yaziwa njenge "zwe lezintaba". Ububanzi bezintaba ezisenyakatho bungobuhle bezintaba zaseTianshan, ingxenye emaphakathi ingeyesimiso sezintaba iGisar-Altai, eningizimu-mpumalanga yiPamirs embozwe yiqhwa, kanti ephakeme kunazo zonke iyisiqongo sobukhomanisi esinamamitha angama-7495. Enyakatho kunqenqemeni olusentshonalanga yeFergana Basin, kanti eningizimu-ntshonalanga kuneWahsh Valley, iGysar Valley nePenchi Valley. Imifula eminingi ingeyohlelo lwamanzi amunyu, ikakhulukazi kubandakanya iSyr, Amu Darya, Zelafshan, Vakhsh neFernigan. Imithombo yamanzi ibalulekile. Amachibi asatshalaliswa kakhulu ePamirs. IKara Lake yichibi likasawoti elikhulu kunawo wonke elinamamitha angu-3965 ukuphakama. Yonke le ndawo inesimo sezulu esijwayelekile sezwekazi.Isimo sezulu sezwekazi ezindaweni eziphakeme zezintaba siyanda ngokwanda kokuphakama, futhi umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kwenyakatho naseningizimu mkhulu. Insimu yonke inesimo sezulu esejwayelekile sezwekazi, esinamazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo angama--2 ℃ ～ 2 ℃ ngoJanuwari kanye namazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-23 ℃ ～ 30 ℃ ngoJulayi. Imvula yonyaka ingu-150-250 mm. Ingxenye esentshonalanga yePamir imbozwe yiqhwa unyaka wonke, kwakheka izinguzunga zeqhwa ezinkulu. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezitshalo kuleyo nsimu, futhi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-5 000 zezitshalo zodwa.

Izwe lihlukaniswe izifunda ezintathu, isifunda esisodwa, kanye nomasipala oyedwa ngqo ngaphansi kukaHulumeni Omkhulu: IGorno-Badakhshan State, iSoghd State (okwakunguLeninabad State), iKhatlon State, noHulumeni Omkhulu Idolobha lesifunda neDushanbe.

Ngekhulu le-9 kuya kwele-10 AD, isizwe saseTajik sakhiwa ngokuyisisekelo, futhi kwakuyisizwe sasendulo e-Asia Ephakathi. Ngekhulu lesi-9, amaTajiks asungula ubukhosi bokuqala obukhulu futhi obunamandla baseSamanid neBukhara njengenhlokodolobha emlandweni.Isiko namasiko amaTajiks ayekulesikhathi seminyaka eyikhulu. ifomu. Ujoyine imibuso yeGhaznavid neKharzm kusukela ngekhulu le-10 kuya kwele-13. Ukunqotshwa ngamaMongol AmaTatar ngekhulu le-13. Wajoyina iKhanate yaseBukhara kusukela ngekhulu le-16. Ngo-1868, izingxenye zeFergana neSamarkand enyakatho zahlanganiswa zaya eRussia, kwathi iBukhara Khan eningizimu yayiyisifundazwe saseRussia. ITajik Soviet Socialist Republic yasungulwa ngo-Okthoba 16, 1929, futhi yajoyina iSoviet Union ngoDisemba 5 wangonyaka ofanayo. Ngo-Agasti 24, 1990, iSupreme Soviet yaseTajikistan yamukela iSimemezelo Sobukhosi beRiphabhulikhi. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 1991, yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi yiRiphabhlikhi yaseTajikistan.NgoSepthemba 9 wonyaka ofanayo, iRiphabhulikhi yaseTajikistan yamemezela inkululeko yayo.Lolu suku lwaqinisekiswa njengosuku lweRiphabhulikhi Yenkululeko futhi lajoyina i-CIS ngoDisemba 21.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Ngunxande ovundlile onesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi obucishe bube ngu-2: 1. Kusuka phezulu kuye ezansi, iqukethe onxande abathathu abavundlile ababomvu, abamhlophe, nabaluhlaza maphakathi nengxenye emhlophe, kukhona umqhele nezinkanyezi eziyisikhombisa ezilinganiswe ngokulinganayo. Okubomvu kufanekisela ukunqoba kwezwe, okuluhlaza kufanekisela ukuchuma nethemba, kanti okumhlophe kufanekisela inkolelo yezenkolo; umqhele kanye ne-pentagram kufanekisela ukuzimela nobukhosi bezwe. ITajikistan yaba yiriphabhuliki yezwe elaliyiSoviet Union ngo-1929. Kusukela ngo-1953, yamukele ifulegi elibomvu elinezinkanyezi eziphuzi ezinamaphuzu amahlanu, isikela nephethini lesando engxenyeni engenhla kanye nemivimbo emhlophe naluhlaza evundlile engxenyeni engezansi. Ukuzimela kwamenyezelwa ngoSepthemba 9, 1991, futhi kwamukelwa ifulegi lesizwe elikhona njengamanje.

Abantu baseTajikistan bangu-6,919,600 (Disemba 2005). Izinhlanga eziyinhloko iTajik (70.5%), i-Uzbek (26.5%), isiRussia (0.32%), ngaphezu kweTatar, Kyrgyz, Ukraine, Turkmen, Kazakh, Belarus, Armenia nezinye izinhlanga. Iningi lezakhamizi likholelwa enkolweni yamaSulumane, iningi labo lingamaSunni, kanti indawo yasePamir ingeyesizwe samaShiite Ismaili. Ulimi lukazwelonke yiTajik (indo-European umndeni wolimi lwase-Iranian, olufana nolwasePheresiya), kanti isiRashiya ulimi lokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlanga.

Izinsizakusebenza zemvelo ikakhulukazi ziyinsimbi engeyona eyensimbi (umthofu, i-zinc, i-tungsten, i-antimony, i-mercury, njll.), izinsimbi ezingavamile, amalahle, usawoti wedwala, ngaphezu kukawoyela, igesi yemvelo, insimbi eningi ye-uranium nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokwakha . Izizinda ze-Uranium zigcina kuqala kwiCommonwealth of Independent States, nezimayini zokuhola nezinc zibeka kuqala e-Asia Ephakathi. Imboni igxile kakhulu eDushanbe naseLeninabad, ikakhulukazi ezezimayini, imboni elula nezimboni zokudla. Imboni yamandla yenze impumelelo enkulu, futhi amandla ayo womuntu ngamunye agcina isikhundla esiphakathi kweziphezulu emhlabeni. Imboni ekhanyayo ilawulwa wukuklina ukotini, ukudonsa usilika nokwenza izindwangu ngengubo. Imisebenzi yezandla yabantu iyinhle futhi ihlukile ngesimo. Imboni yezokudla ikakhulu ukukhishwa kukawoyela, ukukhishwa kwamafutha, ukwenziwa kwewayini, nokulungiswa kwezithelo nemifino. Ezolimo umkhakha ohamba phambili kwezomnotho.Insimu yezolimo, ukulima amasimu nokulima amagilebhisi kubaluleke kakhulu. Imboni yemfuyo idla kakhulu, ifuya izimvu, izinkomo namahhashi. Imboni yokutshala ukotini ibamba iqhaza elibalulekile kwezolimo, futhi idume kakhulu ngokukhiqiza ukotini ocolekileyo osezingeni eliphezulu.

IDushanbe: IDushanbe (iDushanbe, Душанбе) iyinhloko-dolobha yaseTajikistan. Itholakala kuma-38.5 degrees latitude latitude kanye nama-68.8 degrees degrees longitude, phakathi kwemifula iVarzob neKafirnigan IGisar Basin, amamitha angama-750-930 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-125. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu ehlobo lingafinyelela kuma-40 ℃, kanti izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu ebusika lingu -20 ℃. Abantu bakhona bangama-562 000. Izakhamizi ikakhulukazi amaRussia namaTajiks.Namanye amaqembu ezinhlanga ahlanganisa amaTatar nama-Ukraine. I-Dushanbe idolobha elisha elisungulwe amadolobhana amathathu akude ahlanganisa iKyushambe ngemuva kwe-Revolution ka-Okthoba. Kusukela ngo-1925, ubulokhu ubizwa ngokuthi idolobha. Ngaphambi kuka-1925, yayibizwa ngokuthi iKishrak (okusho isigodi). Yabizwa nge-Dushanbe kusuka ngonyaka ka 1925 kuya ku 1929, okwakuhunyushwe ekuqaleni ngokuthi Joushambe, okusho ukuthi uMsombuluko.Yaqanjwa ngegama lemakethe yangoMsombuluko. Kusukela ngo-1929 kuya ku-1961, yabizwa ngeStalinabad, okusho ukuthi "iStalin City". Ngo-1929, yaba inhlokodolobha yeTajik Soviet Socialist Republic (republic yezwe elaliyiSoviet Union). Ngemuva kuka-1961, yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iDushanbe. NgoSepthemba 1991, yaba inhlokodolobha yeRiphabhlikhi yaseTajikistan eyamemezela inkululeko yayo.

IDushanbe yisikhungo semfundo sezepolitiki, sezimboni, sesayensi namasiko kuzwelonke. Imigwaqo yedolobha inezakhiwo zegridi eziwunxande, futhi izakhiwo eziningi zingama-bungalows ukuvimbela ukuzamazama komhlaba. Ukuphatha, amasiko, ezemfundo nezikhungo zocwaningo zesayensi zisenkabeni yedolobha, kanti izingxenye eziseningizimu nasentshonalanga yedolobha yizindawo ezintsha zezimboni nezindawo zokuhlala. Izikhungo zokucwaninga zesayensi ikakhulu zifaka iRiphabhlikhi Academy Yezesayensi kanye neTajik Institute of Agricultural Science. Izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme zifaka iTajik National University, iNational Medical University, iTaoslav University, i-Agricultural University, njll.