United Kingdom, iro zita rizere iUnited Kingdom yeGreat Britain neNorthern Ireland. Inovhara nzvimbo yemakiromita makumi maviri nemana mazana matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu nematanhatu (kusanganisira emukati memvura), kusanganisira 134,400 square kilometres muEngland, 78,800 square kilometres muScotland, 20,800 square kilometres muWales, uye 13,600 square kilometres kuNorth Ireland. United Kingdom inyika yechitsuwa iri kumadokero kweEurope, inosanganisira Great Britain (kusanganisira England, Scotland, Wales), chikamu chekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwechitsuwa cheIreland uye zvimwe zviwi zvidiki. Inotarisana nekondinendi yeEurope kuyambuka North Sea, iyo Strait yeDover, uye English Channel. Nyika yayo inoganhurana neRepublic yeIreland. Mhenderekedzo yegungwa ine hurefu hwese hwe11,450 makiromita. Iyo nharaunda yese yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina: mapani ekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweEngland, makomo eMidwest, makomo eScotland, mapani eNorthern Ireland nemakomo. Iyo ndeyenzvimbo yegungwa yakadzikama yakafararira-yakasviba sango mamiriro ekunze, akapfava uye ane hunyoro mukati megore rose. Kazhinji tembiricha yepamusoro haipfuuri 32 ℃, iyo yakadzika tembiricha haina kudzika pane -10 ℃, avhareji tembiricha iri 4 ～ 7 ℃ muna Ndira uye 13 ～ 17 ℃ muna Chikunguru. Kunaya uye kunaya, kunyanya mumatsutso nemuchando.

United Kingdom yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina: England, Scotland, Wales neNorthern Ireland. England yakakamurwa kuita matunhu makumi mana nematatu, Scotland ine matunhu makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe nematatu akasarudzika, Northern Ireland ine maruwa makumi maviri nematanhatu, uye Wales ine maruwa makumi maviri nemaviri. Uye zvakare, iyo UK ine matunhu gumi nemaviri.

B.C. Mediterranean maIberia, maPikniki nemaCelt akauya kuBritain akateedzana. Chikamu chekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweGreat Britain chaitongwa nehushe hweRoma mumazana emakore 1-5. Mushure mekunge vaRoma vabva, Anglo, Saxon naJutes kuchamhembe kweEurope vakapinda ndokugara mumwe mushure meumwe. Hutongi hwenyika hwakatanga kuumbika muzana ramakore rechinomwe, uye nyika diki diki dzakabatana kuita humambo hunomwe, vachirwira hutongi kwemakore mazana maviri, inozivikanwa se "Anglo-Saxon Era" munhoroondo. Muna 829, Egerbert, Mambo weWessex, akabatana England. Yakapambwa nemaDanes pakupera kwezana remakore rechisere, yaive chikamu cheDanish pirate empire kubva muna 1016 kusvika 1042. Mushure menguva pfupi yekutonga kwamambo weBritain, Muchinda weNormandy akayambuka gungwa kuti akunde England muna 1066. Muna 1215 King John akamanikidzwa kusaina Magna Carta, uye humambo hwakadzvanywa. Kubva muna 1338 kusvika 1453, Britain neFrance vakarwa "Hondo Yemazana Emakore" .Britain yakatanga kukunda ndokuzokundwa. Vakakunda veSpanish "isingakundike Fleet" muna 1588 ndokusimbisa maritime hegemony.

Muna 1640, Britain yakaburitsa bourgeois yekutanga munyika uye ikave mutungamiriri weiyo bourgeois chimurenga. Musi waMay 19, 1649, iyo republic yakaziviswa. Dzinza rakadzoreredzwa muna 1660 uye "Kubwinya Kunomukira" kwakaitika muna 1668, kuchisimbisa hutongi hwehumambo. England yakabatana neScotland muna 1707 ndokuzobatanidzwa neIreland muna 1801. Kubva pahafu yepiri yezana ramakore gumi nemasere kusvika hafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi19, yakave nyika yekutanga pasi rose kupedzisa shanduko yeindasitiri. Zana ramakore rechi19 raive zuva rakabudirira Humambo hweBritain. Muna 1914, nyika yaigarwa nayo yaive yakakura zvakapetwa ka111 kukunda iyo yepasi rose. Raive simba rekutanga rekoloni uye richizviti "humambo husingatongonyurwi nezuva." Yakatanga kudzikira mushure meHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. IUnited Kingdom yakagadza North Ireland muna 1920 uye yakabvumira kumaodzanyemba kweIreland kuti ibve pakutonga kwayo kubva muna 1921 kusvika 1922 ndokutanga nyika yakazvimirira. Westminster Act yakaziviswa muna 1931, uye yakamanikidzwa kuziva hutongi hwayo kuti ive yakazvimirira muzvinhu zvemumba nekune dzimwe nyika, uye hutongi hweBritain hwakazununguswa kubvira ipapo. Munguva yechipiri Hondo Yenyika, masimba ezvehupfumi akapera simba uye zvematongerwo enyika zvakadzikira. Nerusununguko rwakateerana rweIndia nePakistan muna 1947, yeBritish colonial system yakapunzika muma1960.

Mureza wenyika: Iyo yakatenderera yakatenderera ine chiyero chehurefu kusvika paupamhi hwe2: 1. Ndiyo "Rice" mureza, iyo inoumbwa nerima bhuruu kumashure uye tsvuku uye chena "Rice". Muchinjikwa mutsvuku nemucheto muchena mureza unomiririra musande musande George weEngland, muchinjikwa chena unomiririra musande weScotland Andrew, uye muchinjikwa mutsvuku unomiririra mutsvene patron weIreland Patrick. Mureza uyu wakaburitswa muna1801. Waive wakaumbwa neyekutanga England chena ivhu tsvuku yakanaka gumi mureza, Scotland yebhuruu pasi chena muchinjikwa mureza uye Ireland yechena ivhu tsvuku muchinjikwa muchinjikwa mureza.

UK ine huwandu hwevanhu vangangoita mamirioni 60.2 (Chikumi 2005), ayo mamirioni 50.4 ari muEngland, mamirioni 5.1 muScotland, mamirioni matatu muWales, uye mamirioni 1.7 muNorth Ireland. Ose ari maviri makuru uye lingua franca ndiChirungu. Welsh inotaurwawo kuchamhembe kweWales, uye Gaelic ichiri kutaurwa kuNorth West Highlands yeScotland uye zvikamu zveNorthern Ireland. Vagari vanonyanya kutenda muchiPurotesitendi chiKristu, chinonyanya kukamurwa kuva Chechi yeEngland (inozivikanwawo seAnglican Church, ine nhengo dzine nhoroondo yeinosvika 60% yevakuru veBritish) uye Chechi yeScotland (inozivikanwa zvakare sePresbyterian Church, ine vanhu vakuru mazana matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu). Kune zvakare nzanga dzakakura dzechitendero dzakadai seChechi yeKaturike neBuddha, ChiHindu, ChiJudha uye Islam.

Britain nderimwe remasimba epasirese epasi, uye girositi yaro yezvipfuyo iri pakati pekutanga kwenyika dzekuMadokero. Chigadzirwa chepasi rose muna 2006 chaive 2341.371 bhiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica, uye munhu mumwechete akasvika pamadhora makumi matatu nemasere makumi matatu nematanhatu. Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, mugove wekugadzirwa kweBritain muhupfumi hwenyika hwaderera; mugove wemaindasitiri ebasa uye simba raramba richikura, iro rekutengeserana, rezvemari neinishuwarenzi rakawedzera nekukurumidza. Mabhizimusi akazvimirira ndiwo musimboti wehupfumi hweBritish, hunowedzera kupfuura makumi matanhatu muzana eGDP. Iyo indasitiri yebasa ndeimwe yematanho ekuyera mwero webudiriro yenyika yanhasi.Iyo indasitiri yebasa muUK inosvika 77.5% yehuwandu hwayo hwese hwevanhu vanoshandirwa, uye kukosha kwayo kwekuburitsa kunodarika zvinopfuura 63% yeGDP yayo. United Kingdom ndiyo nyika ine hupfumi hwesimba muEuropean Union, uyezve ndiyo nyika inogadzira mafuta negasi chaiwo.Iyo indasitiri yemigodhi yemarasha yakazvimiririra zvachose. Iwo maindasitiri makuru ndeaya: kuchera, simbi, michina, michina yemagetsi, mota, chikafu, zvinwiwa, fodya, machira, kugadzira mapepa, kudhinda, kutsikisa, kuvaka, nezvimwe. Uye zvakare, iyo yekuvhiya, zvemagetsi, uye zvemakemikari maindasitiri muUK anga akasimukira, uye matekinoroji ari kubuda senge kutsvagisa mafuta epasi pemvura, ruzivo rweinjiniya, setiraiti kutaurirana, uye microelectronics zvakagadzira zvakanyanya mumakore apfuura. Iyo huru yekurima, yekuchengeta zvipfuyo uye yekuredza ndeyekupfuya mhuka, indasitiri yezviyo, kurima nekurima. Iyo indasitiri yebasa inosanganisira zvemari neinishuwarenzi, zvekutengesa, zvekushanya uye zvebhizinesi masevhisi (kupa zviri pamutemo uye kubvunza mabasa, nezvimwewo), uye yakawedzera nekukurumidza mumakore apfuura Tourism ndiyo imwe yezvikamu zvakakosha zvehupfumi muUK. Iyo yegore inoburitsa kukosha inodarika makumi manomwe emabhiriyoni mapaundi, uye yekushanya kwemari account inosvika zvikamu zvishanu kubva muzana zvepasirose mari. Kusiyana nenyika dzino tarisa pane dzinoyevedza kushanya, iyo yehumambo humambo tsika uye miziyamu tsika ndizvo zvikuru zvinokwezva zvekushanya indasitiri. Nzvimbo huru dzevashanyi iLondon, Edinburgh, Cardiff, Brighton, Greenwich, Oxford, Cambridge, nezvimwe.

London: London, guta guru reUnited Kingdom (London), riri pamapani ari kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweEngland, mhiri kweThames nemakiromita makumi masere nemasere kubva pamuromo peThames. Pakutanga makore 3000 apfuura, nzvimbo yeLondon ndiko kwaigara maBritish. Muna 54 BC, Humambo hweRoma hwakapinda muBritain.Muna 43 BC, raive rave chiteshi chikuru chemauto evaRoma uye rakavaka zambuko rekutanga rematanda kuyambuka rwizi Thames. Mushure mezana ramakore regumi nematanhatu, nekusimukira kweBritish capitalism, mwero weLondon wakawedzera nekukurumidza. Muna 1500, vagari veLondon vaingova zviuru makumi mashanu chete. Kubva ipapo, iri kuramba ichikura.Nosvika 2001, vagari veLondon vasvika mamirioni 7.188.

London ndiyo nzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika yenyika.Ndiyo chigaro chemhuri yehumambo yeBritain, hurumende, paramende uye dzimbahwe remapato akasiyana ezvematongerwo enyika. Iyo Palace yeWestminster inzvimbo yekuitira dzimba dzepamusoro nedzakadzika dzeBritish Paramende, saka inonziwo Paramende Horo. Westminster Abbey, kumaodzanyemba kweParamende Square, yanga iri nzvimbo pakagadzwa korona mambo kana mambokadzi uye nhengo dzemhuri yehumambo vakaita michato mushure mekunge yapera muna 1065. Kune makuva anodarika makumi maviri emadzimambo eBritish, vezvematongerwo enyika vane mukurumbira, varapi vezvematongerwo enyika, vesaenzi, vanyori uye maartist akaita saNewton, Darwin, Dickens, Hardy, nezvimwe.

Buckingham Palace iBritish Royal Palace.Iyo iri munzvimbo yepakati yeWest London.Iyo yakabatana neSt.James's Park kumabvazuva uye Hyde Park kumadokero.Iyo inzvimbo iyo inogara nhengo dzemhuri yehumambo yeBritish uye inoshanda, uye zvakare inzvimbo yezvinhu zvikuru zveBritain. Whitehall ndiyo chigaro chehurumende yeBritain.Hofisi yemutungamiri wehurumende, Privy Council, Ministry of the Interior, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, uye Ministry of Defense zvese zviri pano. Musimboti weWhitehall Imba yeMutungamiriri. London haisi nzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika yeUnited Kingdom chete, asiwo dzimbahwe remasangano mazhinji epasi rose, anosanganisira International Maritime Organisation, International Cooperative Union, International PEN, International Women’s League, Socialist International, uye Amnesty International.

London iguta rine tsika dzenyika. Iyo British Museum yakavakwa muzana ramakore rechi 18 uye ndiyo miziyamu hombe pasi rose.Iyo yakaunganidza zvisaririra zvakawanda zvekare kubva kuBritain nedzimwe nyika pasi rose. Kunze kweBritish Museum, London zvakare ine zvivakwa zvetsika senge inozivikanwa Sayenzi Museum uye National Gallery. Yunivhesiti yeLondon, Royal Chikoro cheDhanzi, Royal Koreji yeMimhanzi, Royal Koreji yeArt uye Imperial College mayunivhesiti ane mukurumbira muUK. Yunivhesiti yeLondon yakavambwa mu1836 uye ikozvino ine anopfuura makumi matanhatu emakoreji. Yunivhesiti yeLondon inozivikanwa nesainzi yayo yekurapa, uye mumwe wevatatu vevanachiremba muUK akapedza kudzidza pano.

London iguta rine mukurumbira pasi rese revashanyi rine akawanda masisitimu anozivikanwa epasirese. PaTower Hill mukona yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweGuta reLondon, kune iyo Shongwe yeLondon, iyo yaimboshandiswa senhare yemauto, imba yamambo, jeri, matura, uye ikozvino inzvimbo yekuratidzira korona uye zvombo. Inowanikwa kumahombekombe ekumadokero kweThames, Muzinda weWestminster wakavakwa muna 750 AD uye unovhara nzvimbo yemaeka 8. Ndicho chivakwa chikuru cheGothic pasi rose. Hyde Park ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzinozivikanwa muLondon.Iyo iri kumadokero kweguta reLondon.Inotora nzvimbo inosvika mahekita mazana matanhatu nematanhatu uye ndiyo paki hombe muguta. Kune yakakurumbira "Speaker's Corner" inozivikanwa zvakare se "Freedom Forum" mupaki. Zuva rega rega revhiki, vanhu vanouya pano kuzotaura rinenge zuva rese.

Manchester: Ndiyo nzvimbo yepakati pekambani yeBritish machira emachira, yakakosha yekufambisa hub uye yekutengesa, yezvemari, uye yetsika nzvimbo. Inowanikwa pakati peguta guru kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweEngland. Greater Manchester inosanganisira Salford, Stockport, Oldham, Rochdale, Bury, Bolton, Wigan neWallington, inovhara nzvimbo yemakiromita 1,287.

Manchester ine mukurumbira nekuda kwemukurumbira wayo wemitambo, kunyanya nekuve nemakirabhu enhabvu ane mukurumbira. Kana zvasvika kuManchester, vanhu vanozvifunga nehunhabvu. Manchester haina chete ine makirabhu enhabvu ane mukurumbira, zvakare inzvimbo yekuzvarwa yeRevolution Revolution uye rimwe remaguta akasimba uye akasimba muUK. Izvo zvakare zviri kuchinja kubva kuguta remaindasitiri rinotarisana nekugadzira kuenda kune rakabudirira, remazuva ano uye rine simba metropolis yepasi rese. Kune akawanda mamuseum uye maberere muguta, zvichiratidza kudzama kwetsika kuunganidzwa uye nhoroondo refu yeguta. Hupenyu hwehusiku hweManchester hunotevera kwechipiri kuUK.Kune mabhawa asingaverengeke, nzvimbo dzekutandarira, uye nzvimbo dzevaraidzo dzakapararira mukati meguta.Vashanyi kuManchester havangarasikirwe nemukana wekuona husiku hwayo.

Glasgow: Glasgow (Glasgow) ndiro guta rechitatu pakukura muUK uye guta reScotland rakakura kwazvo maindasitiri nekutengesa. Inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakadzika dzepakati peScotland, kuyambuka Rwizi rweClyde, makiromita makumi matatu nemaviri kumadokero kwemuromo werwizi. Muna 550 AD, Glasgow yakatanga bhishopu uye yakatorwa semusika naMambo weScotland muzana ramakore rechi12. Yakava matunhu emadzimambo muna 1450. Mushure mekubatanidzwa kweScotland neEngland muna 1603, yakasimudzira kusimukira kwehupfumi uye ikava chiteshi chakakosha chekunze. Mushure mekutanga kwemaindasitiri echimurenga, yakawedzera nekukurumidza zvakanyanya.Vanhu vakawedzera kubva pa77,000 muna1801 kusvika pa762,000 muna1901, vachiva pechipiri munyika uye vachiva imwe yenzvimbo huru kwazvo dzekuvaka ngarava pasi rose.

Mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, maindasitiri akadai semagetsi, radar, uye kuchenesa mafuta zvakatangwa. Kubva kutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri, kusimukira kwehupfumi kwave kunonoka uye huwandu hwevanhu hauna kuwedzera, asi maindasitiri nekutengeserana vachiri kutora chinzvimbo chakakosha muChina. Iwo makuru maindasitiri zvikamu zvinosanganisira kuvaka ngarava, kugadzira michina, michina yemagetsi, chaiyo zviridzwa, nezvimwe. Iyo indasitiri yekuvaka ngarava inotanga kutanga munyika, iine gumi nemaviri emayadhi ezvikepe. Glasgow ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzinonyanya kukosha kutakura muUK. Iyo zvakare iri yakakosha tsika tsika yeScotland. Iyo inozivikanwa University of Glasgow yakavambwa mu1451, uye kune akawanda epamusoro dzidzo masosi senge University of Strathclyde, iyo Scottish Bhizinesi Chikoro, Royal Scottish Conservatory yeMimhanzi, uye Western Scotland Kwekurima Koreji. Iyo Art Gallery uye Museum muKelvingrove Park inovakira muunganidzwa weakakurumbira eEuropean artworks kubvira Renaissance. Iyo Huntlyn Museum yakanamatira kuYunivhesiti yeGlasgow inozivikanwa nekuunganidzwa kwayo kwemari dzakasiyana siyana uye hupfumi hwehunyanzvi. Pakati penzvimbo dzeguta renhoroondo, Cathedral yeSan Mongo, yakavakwa muzana ramakore rechi12, ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa. Kune mahekita anopfuura zviuru zviviri zvemapaka nenzvimbo dzakasvibirira muguta.Hampden Park zvakare ine nhandare yenhabvu muUK, iyo inogona kutora vanhu zviuru zana nemakumi mashanu.