ISipro, igama elipheleleyo leRiphabhlikhi yaseCyprus, ligubungela ummandla weekhilomitha ezingama-9251. Imi kumantla mpuma oLwandle lweMeditera, yindawo yezothutho yaselwandle eAsia, Afrika naseYurophu, kwaye sisiqithi sesithathu ngobukhulu kuLwandle lweMeditera. Ziikhilomitha ezingama-40 ukusuka eTurkey ukuya emantla, i-96.55 yeekhilomitha ukusuka eSyria ukuya empuma, kunye neekhilomitha ezingama-402.3 ukusuka kwiNayile Delta eYiphutha ukuya emazantsi. Unxweme luziikhilomitha ezingama-782 ubude. Umantla ziintaba ezinde nezimxinwa zeKyrenia, embindini yiThafa laseMesoria, kwaye emazantsi-ntshona ziiNtaba zeTrudos. Incopho ephezulu, iNtaba iOlimpus, ziimitha ezingama-1950.7 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle. Owona mlambo mde nguMlambo iPadias. Yeyesimo sezulu eshushu seMeditera, kunye nehlobo elishushu nelishushu kunye nobusika obushushu nobushushu.

Ilizwe lahlulwe laba yimimandla emithandathu yolawulo; I-Nicosia, Limassol, Famagusta, Larnaca, Paphos, Kyrenia. Uninzi lweKyrenia kunye neFamagusta, kunye nenxalenye yeNicosia ilawulwa yiTurks.

Kwi-1500 BC, amaGrike afudukela kwisiqithi. Ukusuka kwi-709 BC ukuya kwi-525 BC, yoyiswa ngokulandelelana ngama-Asiriya, amaYiputa kunye namaPersi. Kwakulawulwa ngamaRoma amandulo kwiminyaka engama-400 ukususela ngo-58 BC. Yabandakanywa kummandla waseByzantine ngo-395 AD. Ulawulwe buBukhosi base-Ottoman ukusuka nge-1571 ukuya kwi-1878. Ukususela ngo-1878 ukuya ku-1960, yayilawulwa yiBritani, kwaye ngo-1925 yancitshiswa yaba yi-"koloni ngqo" yaseBrithani. Nge-19 kaFebruwari, 1959, iSerbia yasayina "iSivumelwano saseZurich neLondon" neBritane, iGrisi kunye neTurkey, eyathi yamisela ubume belizwe emva kwenkululeko yaseSerbia nokwabiwa kwamandla phakathi kwala maqela mabini; yaza yasayina "isiqinisekiso somnqophiso" neBritane, iGrisi neTurkey. La mazwe mathathu aqinisekisa inkululeko, ukuthembeka kunye nokukhuseleka kweSerbia; "isivumelwano soManyano" sigqityiwe kunye neGrisi neTurkey, esithi iGrisi neTurkey zinelungelo lokumisa umkhosi eSerbia. Ukuzimela kwabhengezwa ngo-Agasti 16, 1960, kwaye kwasekwa iRiphabhlikhi yaseCyprus. Wajoyina i-Commonwealth ngo-1961. Emva kwenkululeko, kuye kwakho ukuphalazwa kwegazi okuninzi phakathi kwesizwe samaGrike nesiTurkey. Emva kowe-1974, abemi baseTurkey bafudukela emantla, kwathi ngo-1975 nango-1983, babhengeza ukusekwa kwe "Turkey State of Cyprus" kunye ne "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus", besenza ukwahlukana phakathi kwala maqela mabini.

Iflegi yesizwe: Ingxande, umyinge wobude kububanzi bumalunga ne-5: 3. Inkcazo emthubi yommandla welizwe ipeyintiweyo kumhlaba omhlophe weflegi, kwaye kukho amasebe amabini omnquma aluhlaza phantsi kwawo. Umhlophe ubonakalisa ubunyulu kunye nethemba; tyheli imele ubutyebi bezimbiwa, kuba "iSipro" ithetha "ubhedu" ngesiGrike, kwaye yaziwa ngokuvelisa ubhedu; isebe lomnquma limela uxolo kwaye lifanekisela uxolo lwamazwe amabini aphambili eGrisi naseTurkey. Umoya wokulangazelela nentsebenziswano.

ISipro inabemi abangama-837,300 (uqikelelo olusemthethweni ngo-2004). Phakathi kwabo, amaGrike enza i-77.8%, amaTurkey enza i-10.5%, kunye nenani elincinci lama-Armenia, amaLatin kunye namaMaron. Ezona lwimi ziphambili sisiGrike nesiTurkey, isiNgesi ngokubanzi. AmaGrike akholelwa kwiCawa yamaOthodoki, kwaye abantu baseTurkey bakholelwa kwi-Islam.

Iidipozithi ezigcinwe eSipro zilawulwa ngobhedu.Zimbi zibandakanya i-iron sulfide, ityuwa, i-asbestos, i-gypsum, imarble, iinkuni kunye nezinto zomhlaba ezingaphiliyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, oovimba bezimbiwa baphantse baphela, kwaye umthamo wezemigodi uye wehla unyaka nonyaka. Indawo yehlathi yi-1,735 yeekhilomitha ezizikwere. Imithombo yobutyebi yamanzi ihlwempuzekile, kwaye amadama amakhulu ama-6 akhiwe ngomthamo wokugcina wamanzi ofikelela kwizigidi ezili-190 zeemitha. Umzi mveliso wokulungisa nokwenza imveliso ukwindawo ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwesizwe.Awona macandelo aphambili emizi mveliso aquka ukwenziwa kokutya, amalaphu, iimveliso zesikhumba, iimveliso zeekhemikhali kunye nezinye izinto ezilula. Icandelo lezokhenketho likhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye izixeko eziphambili zabakhenkethi zibandakanya iPaphos, iLimassol, iLarnaca, njl.

INicosia: Idolophu enkulu yaseCyprus, iNicosia (Nicosia) imi kumbindi weThafa laseMesoria kwisiqithi saseCyprus, ngasemdeni wePadias River, nasemantla eeNtaba zeKyrenia zinqumla kunxweme olusemantla lwesizwe esisisiqithi Emazantsi-ntshona, ijongene nentaba eluhlaza yaseTrudos, malunga neemitha ezili-150 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle. Ibandakanya indawo yeekhilomitha ezingama-50.5 (kubandakanya needolophu) kwaye inabemi abangama-363,000 (abangama-273,000 bakwizithili zamaGrike kwaye abangama-90,000 bakummandla womhlaba).

Ngaphezulu kwama-200 BC, iNicosia yayibizwa ngokuba yi "Lydra", ebekwe emazantsi mpuma eNicosia yanamhlanje, kwaye yayiyidolophu ebalulekileyo kwilizwe laseCyprus yamandulo. INicosia yenziwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye yakhiwa kwisiseko seLidra. Unamava aseByzantine (330-1191 AD), iiKumkani zaseLuxignan (1192-1489 AD), iVenetians (AD 1489-1571), iTurks (1571-1878 AD), kunye neBritane (1878) -1960).

Ukusukela ukuphela kwenkulungwane ye-10, iNicosia ibilikomkhulu lesizwe esisisiqithi kangangeminyaka eli-1 000. Uyilo lwesi sixeko sineendlela zaseMpuma kunye nezaseNtshona, ezibonisa ngokucacileyo utshintsho lwembali kunye nefuthe laseMpuma naseNtshona. Isixeko sigxile kwisixeko esidala ngaphakathi kweendonga zeVenice, sikhanyisa kwiindawo ezisingqongileyo, ngokuthe ngcembe sikhula sisiba sisixeko esitsha. Isitalato iLidra kwisixeko esidala yeyona ndawo ichumileyo eNicosia. Emva kokuba abemi baseVenice bangena kwesi siqithi ngo-1489, kwakhiwa udonga lwesetyhula kunye nee-bunkers ezimile okweentliziyo ezili-11 kumbindi wesixeko, ezisasebenza nangoku. ISelimiye Mosque, ekumbindi wedonga lwedolophu, ekuqaleni yayiyi-Gothic St Sophia Cathedral eyaqala ngo-1209 yaza yagqitywa ngo-1235. Emva kokuba amaTurkey ehlasele ngo-1570, kongezwa iimina ezimbini zaza zaguqulwa ngokusemthethweni zaba yicawa yamaSilamsi kunyaka olandelayo. Ngo-1954, ukukhumbula uSultan waseSelimiye owoyisa iSipro, kwathiwa igama elitsha yiSelimiye Mosque. I-Archbishop's Palace kunye ne-St. John's Church eyakhiwe ngexesha lomnqamlezo ziicawa eziqhelekileyo zama-Greek Orthodox esixekweni. Ngoku sele zisetyenziswe njengezakhiwo zeofisi yesebe lophando lwenkcubeko. Ukongeza, kukho ezinye izakhiwo ezivela kwixesha laseByzantine (330-1191) ezikwahluke kakhulu. Kwiindlela ezincinane zedolophu engaphakathi, ngenxa yemisebenzi yezandla yesintu kunye neevenkile zesikhumba, izinto ezininzi zifunjwe ezindleleni.Iindlela ezijikayo zifana nomzila.Ukuhamba kuzo kufana nokubuyela esixekweni samaxesha aphakathi. Imyuziyam eyaziwayo yaseCyprus ikwaqokelela kwaye ibonise izinto ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko ukusuka kwi-Neolithic ukuya kwixesha lamaRoma.

Indawo entsha yasezidolophini esuka kwisixeko esidala ukuya kwindawo engqongileyo yenye indawo: izitrato ezibanzi apha, ukucoceka nokubonakala kwesixeko, iindlela ezinqamlezileyo, kunye neendlela ezingapheliyo; ishishini lothungelwano ngocingo, uyilo lwenoveli, umhombiso obutofotofo Iihotele kunye nezakhiwo zeofisi eBeijing zitsala inani elikhulu labakhenkethi basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kunye nabatyali mali.