ICyprus, igama eligcwele leRiphabhlikhi yaseCyprus, ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-9251. Itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yoLwandle iMedithera, iyisikhungo sezimoto zasolwandle e-Asia, e-Afrika naseYurophu.Isiqhingi sesithathu ngobukhulu oLwandle iMedithera. Kungamakhilomitha angama-40 ukusuka eTurkey kuya enyakatho, amakhilomitha angama-96.55 ukusuka eSyria kuya empumalanga, namakhilomitha angama-402.3 ukusuka eNayile Delta eGibhithe kuya eningizimu. Ugu lungamakhilomitha angama-782 ubude. Inyakatho yizintaba ezinde nezincane zaseKyrenia, maphakathi yiMesoria Plain, kanti eningizimu-ntshonalanga yizintaba zaseTrudos. Isiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke, iMount Olympus, singamamitha ayi-1950.7 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Umfula omude kunayo yonke nguMfula iPadias. Ngeyesimo sezulu saseMedithera esishisayo, esinamakhaza amile futhi ashisayo nobusika obufudumele nobuswakeme.

Izwe lihlukaniswe izifunda eziyisithupha zokuphatha; Nicosia, Limassol, Famagusta, Larnaca, Paphos, Kyrenia. Iningi leKyrenia neFamagusta, kanye nengxenye yeNicosia ilawulwa abaseTurkey.

Ngo-1500 BC, amaGreki athuthela esiqhingini. Kusukela ngo-709 BC kuya ku-525 BC, yanqotshwa ngokulandelana ngabase-Asiriya, abaseGibhithe namaPheresiya. Kwabuswa amaRoma asendulo iminyaka engama-400 kusukela ngo-58 BC. Yafakwa endaweni yaseByzantium ngo-395 AD. Ibuswa ngumbuso wase-Ottoman kusuka ngo-1571 kuya ku-1878. Kusukela ngo-1878 kuya ku-1960, yayilawulwa amaNgisi, kwathi ngo-1925 yehliselwa yaba “ikoloni eliqondile” laseBrithani. NgoFebhuwari 19, 1959, iSerbia yasayina "iZurich-London Agreement" neBrithani, iGrisi, neTurkey, eyasungula isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sezwe ngemuva kokuzimela kweSerbia kanye nokwabiwa kwamandla phakathi kwezinhlanga ezimbili; futhi yasayina "isivumelwano sokuqinisekisa" neBrithani, iGrisi neTurkey. , La mazwe amathathu aqinisekisa inkululeko, ubuqotho bendawo kanye nokuvikeleka kweSerbia; "iSivumelwano Sobumbano" siphothulwe neGrisi neTurkey, sichaza ukuthi iGrisi neTurkey banelungelo lokumisa amasosha eSerbia. Ukuzimela kwamenyezelwa ngo-Agasti 16, 1960, kwasungulwa iRiphabhlikhi yaseCyprus. Ujoyine iCommonwealth ngo-1961. Ngemuva kwenkululeko, kube nokuchitheka kwegazi okuningi okukhulu phakathi kwezizwe zamaGrikhi nezaseTurkey. Ngemuva kuka-1974, abaseTurkey bathuthela enyakatho, kwathi ngo-1975 nango-1983, bamemezela ukusungulwa kwe "Turkish State of Cyprus" kanye ne "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus", okwenza uqhekeko phakathi kwalezi zinhlanga ezimbili.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Lingunxande, isilinganiso sobude nobubanzi simayelana no-5: 3. Uhlaka oluphuzi lwendawo yezwe lupendwe emhlabathini wefulegi elimhlophe, futhi kunamagatsha amabili omnqumo aluhlaza ngaphansi kwawo. Okumhlophe kufanekisela ubumsulwa nethemba; ophuzi umele imithombo yezimbiwa ecebile, ngoba "iCyprus" isho ukuthi "ithusi" ngesiGreki, futhi yaziwa ngokukhiqiza ithusi; igatsha lomnqumo limelela ukuthula futhi lifanekisela ukuthula kwezizwe ezimbili ezinkulu zaseGrisi naseTurkey. Umoya wokulangazelela nokubambisana.

ICyprus inabantu abangama-837,300 (isilinganiso esisemthethweni ku-2004). Phakathi kwabo, amaGrikhi abenze u-77.8%, amaTurkey enza u-10.5%, kanti inani elincane lama-Armenia, amaLatin namaMaronite. Izilimi eziyinhloko isiGreki nesiTurkey, isiNgisi esivamile. AmaGreki akholelwa eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox, kanti abaseTurkey bakholelwa kubuSulumane.

Izimbiwa ezikhona eCyprus ziphethwe yithusi. Ezinye zifaka i-iron sulfide, usawoti, i-asbestos, i-gypsum, imabula, izinkuni kanye nezingulube zomhlaba ezingajwayelekile. Eminyakeni edlule, izinsizakusebenza sezicishe zaphela, futhi nomthamo wezimayini ubulokhu wehla unyaka nonyaka. Indawo yehlathi ingamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-1,735. Izinsizakusebenza zamanzi zimbi, futhi kwakhiwe amadamu amakhulu ayi-6 ngomthamo wokugcina wamanzi ngokuphelele wama-cubic metres ayi-190 wezigidi. Imboni yezokulungisa nokukhiqiza inesikhundla esibalulekile emnothweni wezwe.Imikhakha emikhulu yezimboni ifaka phakathi ukucutshungulwa kokudla, izindwangu, imikhiqizo yesikhumba, imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, kanye nezinye izimboni ezilula. Imboni yezokuvakasha ithuthuka ngokushesha, kanti amadolobha amakhulu ezivakashi afaka iPaphos, iLimassol, iLarnaca, njll.

INicosia: Inhlokodolobha yaseCyprus, iNicosia (Nicosia) itholakala maphakathi nethafa iMesoria esiqhingini saseCyprus, emngceleni woMfula iPadias, nasenyakatho yezintaba zaseKyrenia ewela ugu olusenyakatho yesiqhingi. Eningizimu-ntshonalanga, ibheke eNtabeni iTrudos eluhlaza, cishe amamitha ayi-150 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Imboza indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angu-50.5 (kufaka phakathi izindawo ezisemadolobheni) futhi inabantu abangama-363,000 (abangama-273,000 basezifundeni zamaGrikhi kanti abangama-90,000 basezindaweni zomhlabathi).

Ngaphezulu kuka-200 BC, iNicosia yabizwa nge- "Lydra", etholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNicosia yanamuhla, futhi yayiyidolobha lombuso lasendulo elibalulekile eCyprus. INicosia yakhiwa kancane kancane futhi yakhiwa ngesisekelo seLidra. Bake babhekana namaByzantine (330-1191 AD), amaKhosi aseLuxignan (1192-1489 AD), amaVenetians (AD 1489-1571), abaseTurkey (1571-1878 AD), kanye nabaseBrithani (1878) -1960).

Kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-10, iNicosia ibe yinhlokodolobha yesizwe esiyisiqhingi cishe iminyaka eyinkulungwane. Ukwakhiwa kwedolobha kunesitayela saseMpumalanga nesitayela saseNtshonalanga, okukhombisa ngokusobala izinguquko zomlando kanye nomthelela waseMpumalanga nowaseNtshonalanga. Idolobha ligxile edolobheni elidala ngaphakathi kwezindonga zaseVenice, likhanya lizungeze indawo, likhula kancane kancane libe idolobha elisha. ILidra Street edolobheni elidala iyindawo echuma kakhulu eNicosia. Ngemuva kokuthi abaseVenice bangene kulesi siqhingi ngo-1489, kwakhiwa udonga oluyisiyingi nama-bunkers ayi-11 amise okwenhliziyo maphakathi nedolobha, asasebenza namanje. ISelimiye Mosque, esenkabeni yodonga lwedolobha, ekuqaleni kwakuyiGothic St Sophia Cathedral eyaqala ngo-1209 futhi yaqedwa ngo-1235. Ngemuva kokuhlasela kwabaseTurkey ngo-1570, kwanezelwa ama-minaret amabili futhi yaguqulwa ngokusemthethweni yaba yisonto lamaSulumane ngonyaka olandelayo. Ngo-1954, ukukhumbula uSultan waseSelimiye owanqoba iCyprus, yaqanjwa kabusha ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iSelimiye Mosque. I-Archbishop's Palace kanye neSt. John's Church ezakhiwe ngesikhathi seziMpi Zenkolo ngamasonto ajwayelekile ama-Greek Orthodox edolobheni. Manje asetshenziswe njengezakhiwo zamahhovisi omnyango wokucwaninga ngamasiko esiqhingi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezakhiwo ezithile ezivela enkathini yaseByzantine (330-1191) ezihluke kakhulu. Ezindledleni ezincane zedolobha elingaphakathi, ngenxa yezandla zendabuko nezitolo zesikhumba, izimpahla eziningi zinqwabelene ezindleleni zomgwaqo.Ukuphenduka nokujika kufana nomugqa.Ukuhamba kuzo kufana nokubuyela edolobheni lasendulo. Umnyuziyamu odumile waseCyprus nawo uqoqa futhi ubonise izinsalela ezahlukahlukene zamasiko kusukela kuNeolithic kuya enkathini yamaRoma.

Indawo entsha yasemadolobheni esukela edolobheni elidala iye ezungeze esinye isigcawu: imigwaqo ebanzi lapha, ukubukeka kwedolobha elihlanzekile neliphithizelayo, imigwaqo enqamulelayo, kanye nomgwaqo ongapheli; kuthuthukiswe ibhizinisi lezokuxhumana ngocingo, ukwakhiwa kwamanoveli, umhlobiso kanokusho Amahhotela nezakhiwo zamahhovisi eBeijing ziheha isibalo esikhulu sabavakashi basekhaya nabangaphandle kanye nabatshalizimali.