Kazakhstan, the full name of the Republic of Kazakhstan, has an area of ​​2,724,900 square kilometers. It is a landlocked country in Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea to the west, China to the southeast, Russia to the north, and Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan to the south. Most are plains and lowlands. The east and southeast are the Altai Mountains and the Tianshan Mountains; the plains are mainly distributed in the west, north and southwest; the central part is the Kazakh hills. Deserts and semi-deserts occupy 60% of the territory. The main rivers are Irtysh River, Syr River and Ili River. There are many lakes, about 48,000, among which the larger ones are the Caspian Sea, the Aral Sea, Lake Balkhash, and Jaisangpo. There are as many as 1,500 glaciers, covering an area of ​​2,070 square kilometers. It has a severely arid continental climate, with hot and dry summers and cold winters with little snow. The average temperature in January is -19℃ to -4℃, and the average temperature in July is 19℃ to 26℃. The absolute maximum and minimum temperatures are 45°C and -45°C, respectively, and the maximum temperature in the desert can be as high as 70°C. The annual precipitation is less than 100 mm in desert areas, 300-400 mm in the north, and 1000-2000 mm in mountainous areas.

The country is divided into 14 states, namely: North Kazakhstan, Kostanay, Pavlodar, Akmola, West Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan, Atyrau, Aktobe, Karaganda, Mangystau, Kyzylorda, Zhambyl, Almaty, South Kazakhstan. There are also two municipalities directly under the Central Government, namely: Almaty and Astana.

The Turkic Khanate was established from the middle of the 6th century to the 8th century. From the 9th to the 12th centuries, the Oguz nation and the Khanate were built. The Khitan and Mongol Tatars invaded from the 11th to 13th centuries. The Kazakh Khanate was established at the end of the 15th century, divided into large, middle, and small accounts. The Kazakh tribe was basically formed in the early 16th century. In the 1930s and 1940s, the small account and the middle account were merged into Russia. Soviet power was established in November 1917. On August 26, 1920, the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic belonging to the Russian Federation was established. On April 19, 1925, it was renamed the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. It was named the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic on December 5, 1936, and joined the Soviet Union at the same time, becoming a member of the Soviet Union. On December 10, 1991, it was renamed the Republic of Kazakhstan. On December 16 of the same year, the "Kazakh National Independence Law" was passed, formally proclaiming independence, and joining the CIS on the 21st.

National flag: It is a horizontal rectangle with a ratio of length to width of 2:1. The flag ground is light blue, with a golden sun in the middle of the flag surface and an eagle flying under it. There is a vertical vertical bar on the side of the flagpole, which is a traditional Kazakh gold pattern. Light blue is a traditional color loved by the Kazakh people; patterns and patterns are often seen in the carpets and costumes of the Kazakh people, which show the wisdom and wisdom of the Kazakh people. The golden sun symbolizes light and warmth, and the eagle symbolizes bravery. Kazakhstan adopted this flag after independence in December 1991.

Kazakhstan has a population of 15.21 million (2005). Kazakhstan is a multi-ethnic country, composed of 131 ethnic groups, mainly Kazakh (53%), Russian (30%), Germanic, Ukrainian, Uzbek, Uyghur, and Tatar. Most residents believe in Islam, in addition to Eastern Orthodox, Christianity, and Buddhism. Kazakh is the national language, and Russian is the official language used in state agencies and local government agencies as well as Kazakh.

Kazakhstan's economy is dominated by oil, natural gas, mining, coal, and agriculture. Rich in natural resources, there are more than 90 proven mineral deposits. Tungsten reserves occupy the first place in the world. There are also abundant reserves of iron, coal, oil, and natural gas. 21.7 million hectares of forest and afforestation. The surface water resources are 53 billion cubic meters. There are more than 7,600 lakes and reservoirs. The main tourist attractions include Almaty Alpine Ski Resort, Balkhash Lake, and the ancient city of Turkistan.

Almaty: Alma-ata (Alma-ata) is a tourist city with unique scenery. It is located in the southeast of Kazakhstan and the northern foot of the Tianshan Mountains. The hilly area at the foot of the mountain (called Wai Yili Mountain in China) is surrounded by mountains on three sides. It covers an area of ​​190 square kilometers and is 700-900 meters above sea level. It is famous for producing apples. Almaty means Apple City in Kazakh. The majority of residents are Russians, followed by ethnic groups such as Kazakh, Ukrainian, Tatar, and Uyghur. The population is 1.14 million.

Almaty has a long history, and the Silk Road from ancient China to Central Asia passed here. The city was founded in 1854 and in 1867 became the administrative center of a viceroy of Turkestan. The Soviet power was established in 1918 and became the capital of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic in 1929. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in December 1991, it became the capital of the independent Republic of Kazakhstan.

Almaty was opened to the railway in 1930 and has developed rapidly since then. In the machinery manufacturing industry developed during World War II, the food industry and light industry both accounted for a large proportion. After years of development and construction, Almaty has become a modern city. The layout of the urban area is neat, full of greenery, wide and flat boulevards, and many parks and orchards. It is one of the most beautiful cities in Central Asia.

The outskirts of Almaty are a peaceful scenery of the Northland. The mountains here are undulating, the majestic Tianshan is snow-capped, and the snow on the peaks does not change all the year round. The highest Komsomolsk peak is set against the blue sky and white clouds, with silver light and magnificent. Take a car from the city along the winding mountain highway, along the way, high mountains and flowing water, picturesque scenery. In this valley 20 kilometers away from the city, tourists are immersed in the natural beauty and linger.