IKazakhstan, igama elipheleleyo leRiphabhlikhi yaseKazakhstan, inommandla we-2,724,900 yeekhilomitha. Lilizwe elingavaliyo kuMbindi weAsia, umda luLwandle lweCaspian ngasentshona, iChina kumazantsi mpuma, iRussia emantla, kunye neUzbekistan, iTurkmenistan neKyrgyzstan emazantsi. Uninzi lwamathafa namathafa asezantsi. Impuma kunye empuma mpuma ziintaba zeAltai kunye neTianshan; amathafa asasazwa ikakhulu entshona, emantla nakumazantsi mpuma; icandelo eliphambili ziinduli zeKazakh. Iintlango kunye neentlango ezinemihlaba zihlala kwi-60% yommandla. Eyona milambo iphambili nguMlambo i-Irtysh, iSyr River kunye noMlambo iYili. Maninzi amachibi, malunga nama-48,000, phakathi kwawo amakhulu kuLwandle lweCaspian, uLwandle lweAral, iLake Balkhash, neJaisangpo. Zininzi kangange-1,500 zomkhenkce, egubungela ummandla weekhilomitha ezisisi-2,070. Inemozulu eyomileyo yelizwekazi, kunye nehlobo elishushu nelomileyo kunye nobusika obubandayo obunekhephu elincinci. Iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi kuJanuwari ngu -19 ℃ ukuya -4 ℃, kwaye iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi ngoJulayi li-19 ukuya kuma-26 ℃. Obona bushushu buphezulu kunye nobuncinci be-45 are kunye -45 ℃, ngokwahlukeneyo, kunye nobushushu obuphezulu entlango bunokuphakama njenge-70 ℃. Imvula yonyaka ingaphantsi kwe-100 mm kwiindawo zentlango, i-300-400 mm emantla, kunye ne-1000-2000 mm kwiindawo zeentaba.

Ilizwe lahlulwe langamazwe ali-14, angala: North Kazakhstan, Kostanay, Pavlodar, Akmola, West Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan, Atyrau, Aktobe, Karaganda, Mangystau, Kyzylorda, Zhambyl, Almaty, eMzantsi Kazakhstan. Kukwakho noomasipala ababini ngokuthe ngqo phantsi koRhulumente oMkhulu, abangaba: iAlmaty neAstana.

I-Turkic Khanate yasekwa ukusuka embindini wenkulungwane ye-6 ukuya kwinkulungwane ye-8. Ukusuka kwi-9th ukuya kwi-12th century, isizwe saseOguz kunye neKhanate sakhiwa. IKhitan neMongol Tatars zahlasela ngenkulungwane ye-11 ukuya kwele-13. I-Kazakh Khanate yasekwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-15, yahlulahlulwa yangama-akhawunti amakhulu, aphakathi kunye namancinci. Isizwe saseKazakh senziwa ngokusisiseko kwinkulungwane ye-16th. Ngo-1930 no-1940, iakhawunti encinci kunye ne-akhawunti ephakathi yahlanganiswa neRussia. Amandla eSoviet amiselwa ngo-Novemba ngo-1917. Nge-26 ka-Agasti ka-1920, i-Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic eyeyeRussian Federation yasekwa. Ngo-Epreli 19, 1925, kwathiwa igama leKazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Yabizwa ngokuba yiKazakh Soviet Socialist Republic ngoDisemba 5, 1936, kwaye yajoyina iSoviet Union kwangaxeshanye, yaba lilungu leSoviet Union. Nge-10 kaDisemba ngo-1991, kwathiwa igama leRiphabhlikhi yaseKazakhstan.Ngo-16 kuDisemba wonyaka omnye, kwagqitywa "Umthetho woKhuseleko lweLizwe laseKazakh", ubhengeza ngokusesikweni inkululeko, kwaye wajoyina i-CIS ngomhla wama-21.

Iflegi yesizwe: Ngxande ethe tyaba enomlinganiso wobude kububanzi be-2: 1. Iflegi yomhlaba iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nelanga legolide embindini wendawo yeflegi kwaye ukhozi luphaphazela phantsi kwalo. Kukho ibha emileyo ethe nkqo kwicala leflegi, eyipateni yegolide yesiKazakh. Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngumbala wemveli othandwa ngabantu baseKazakh; Iipateni kunye neepateni zihlala zibonwa kwiikhaphethi nakwizinxibo zabantu baseKazakh, ezibonisa ubulumko nobulumko babantu baseKazakh. Ilanga legolide lifuzisela ukukhanya kunye nobushushu, kwaye ukhozi lubonakalisa ubukhalipha. I-Kazakhstan yamkela le flegi emva kwenkululeko ngoDisemba 1991.

I-Kazakhstan inabemi abazizigidi eziyi-15.21 (2005). I-Kazakhstan lilizwe elinamalungu ahlukeneyo, aqukethe amaqela obuhlanga ali-131, ikakhulu amaKazakh (53%), amaRashiya (30%), amaJamani, amaUkraine, amaUzbek, amaUyghur kunye namaTatar. Uninzi lwabahlali bakholelwa kwi-Islam, ukongeza kwi-Orthodox yaseMpuma, ubuKristu, kunye neBuddhism. IsiKazakh lulwimi lwesizwe, kwaye isiRashiya lulwimi olusemthethweni olusetyenziswa kwiiarhente zikarhulumente kunye neearhente zikarhulumente wasekhaya kunye neKazakh.

Uqoqosho lwaseKazakhstan lulawulwa yioyile, igesi yendalo, ezemigodi, amalahle kunye nezolimo. Zityebile kwimithombo yendalo, zingaphezulu kwe-90 iidipozithi eziqinisekisiweyo. Oovimba beTungsten bahlala kwindawo yokuqala emhlabeni. Kukwakho noovimba abaninzi bentsimbi, amalahle, ioyile kunye negesi yendalo. Izigidi ezingama-21.7 zehektare zehlathi kunye namahlathi. Imithombo yamanzi aphezu komhlaba zii-cubic metres ezingama-53 ezigidi. Kukho amachibi angaphezu kwama-7 600 namachibi. Ezona ndawo zinomdla kubakhenkethi zibandakanya iAlmaty Alpine Ski Resort, iBalkhash Lake, kunye nesixeko samandulo saseTurkistan.

Almaty : IAlma-ata sisixeko sabakhenkethi esinobuhle obukhethekileyo, sikumzantsi-mpuma weKazakhstan kunye nonyawo olusemantla lweentaba zeTianshan. Indawo eneenduli emazantsi entaba (ibizwa ngokuba yiWai Yili Intaba yase China) ijikelezwe ziintaba kumacala amathathu. Igubungela indawo ye-190 yeekhilomitha kwaye zii-700-900 yeemitha ngaphezulu komgangatho wolwandle. Idume ngokuvelisa ii-apile.I-Almaty ithetha iApple City ngesiKazakh. Uninzi lwabahlali ngamaRussia, alandelwa ngamaqela anjengeKazakh, iUkraine, isiTatar, kunye ne-Uyghur. Inani labantu li-1.14 yezigidi.

IAlmaty inembali ende, kwaye indlela yeSilika esuka e-China yakudala yaya e-Central Asia yadlula apha. Isixeko sasekwa ngo-1854 kwaye ngo-1867 saba liziko lolawulo lomlawuli weTurkestan. Amandla eSoviet amiselwa ngo-1918 kwaye aba likomkhulu le-Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic ngo-1929. Emva kokuqhekeka kweSoviet Union ngoDisemba 1991, yaba likomkhulu leRiphabhlikhi ezimeleyo yaseKazakhstan.

I-Almaty yavulwa kuloliwe ngo-1930 kwaye yaphuhla ngokukhawuleza ukusukela ngoko. Kwimveliso yokuvelisa oomatshini ephuhliswe ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, ishishini lokutya kunye nomzi mveliso wokukhanya zombini zinika inani elikhulu. Emva kweminyaka emininzi yophuhliso nolwakhiwo, iAlmaty yaba sisixeko sanamhlanje. Indawo yasezidolophini ibekwe kakuhle, izele luhlaza, ububanzi kunye neeboulevards ezisicaba, kunye neepaki ezininzi kunye nezitiya zezinye zezona zixeko zintle kwi-Asia esembindini.

Amagqabantshintshi eAlmaty yindawo entle yoxolo lwaseNyakatho. Iintaba apha ziyashenxisa, i-Tianshan entle igqunywe likhephu, kwaye ikhephu kwiincopho zalo alitshintshi unyaka wonke. Thatha imoto esixekweni ecaleni kwendlela ehamba iintaba, ecaleni kwendlela, iintaba eziphakamileyo kunye namanzi aqukuqelayo, ubuhle bendalo. Kule ntlambo ikumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-20 ukusuka esixekweni, abakhenkethi batyibilika kubuhle bendalo kunye nokuhlala ixesha elide.