Kazakhstan, dzina lonse la Republic of Kazakhstan, ili ndi dera lalikulu makilomita 2,724,900. Ndi dziko lopanda malire ku Central Asia, m'malire ndi Nyanja ya Caspian kumadzulo, China kumwera chakum'mawa, Russia kumpoto, ndi Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan ndi Kyrgyzstan kumwera. Ambiri ndi zigwa ndi zigwa. Kum'mawa ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kuli mapiri a Altai ndi mapiri a Tianshan; zigwa zimafalikira makamaka kumadzulo, kumpoto ndi kumwera chakumadzulo; gawo lapakati ndi mapiri a Kazakh. Zipululu ndi zipululu zazing'ono zimakhala 60% ya gawolo. Mitsinje yayikulu ndi Irtysh River, Syr River ndi Ili River. Pali nyanja zambiri, pafupifupi 48,000, zomwe zikuluzikulu ndizo Nyanja ya Caspian, Nyanja ya Aral, Nyanja ya Balkhash, ndi Jaisangpo. Pali malo oundana ochuluka kwambiri okwana 1,500, okwera malo okwana makilomita 2,070. Ili ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri kontinenti, yotentha komanso yotentha komanso nyengo yozizira yopanda chisanu. Kutentha kwapakati mu Januware ndi -19 ℃ mpaka -4 ℃, ndipo kutentha kwapakati mu Julayi ndi 19 mpaka 26 ℃. Kutentha kokwanira kwambiri ndi kochepa ndi 45 are ndi -45 ℃, motsatana, ndipo kutentha kwambiri m'chipululu kumatha kukhala 70 ℃. Mpweya wamvula wapachaka umakhala wochepera 100 mm m'malo amchipululu, 300-400 mm kumpoto, ndi 1000-2000 mm kumapiri.

Dzikoli lagawidwa m'maiko 14, omwe ndi: North Kazakhstan, Kostanay, Pavlodar, Akmola, West Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan, Atyrau, Aktobe, Karaganda, Mangystau, Kyzylorda, Zhambyl, Almaty, South Kazakhstan. Palinso matauni awiri omwe ali pansi pa Boma Lapakati, omwe ndi: Almaty ndi Astana.

Turkic Khanate idakhazikitsidwa kuyambira pakati pa zaka za 6th mpaka 8th century. Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 9 mpaka 12th, dziko la Oguz ndi Hara Khanate zidamangidwa. Akatani a Khitan ndi a Mongol adalowa m'zaka za zana la 11 mpaka 13. Khanate ya Kazakh idakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za 15th, yogawika pamaakaunti akulu, apakatikati ndi ang'ono. Fuko la Kazakh lidapangidwa koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 16. M'ma 1930 ndi 1940, akaunti yaying'ono ndi yapakatikati idalumikizidwa ku Russia. Mphamvu za Soviet zidakhazikitsidwa mu Novembala 1917. Pa Ogasiti 26, 1920, Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ya Russian Federation idakhazikitsidwa. Pa Epulo 19, 1925, adadzatchedwa Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Idatchedwa Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic pa Disembala 5, 1936, ndipo idalowa Soviet Union nthawi yomweyo, ndikukhala membala wa Soviet Union. Pa Disembala 10, 1991, adadzatchedwanso Republic of Kazakhstan.Pa Disembala 16 chaka chomwecho, "Kazakh National Independence Law" idakhazikitsidwa, kulengeza ufulu wodziyimira pawokha, ndikulowa nawo CIS pa 21st.

Mbendera yadziko: Ndi rectangle yopingasa yolumikizana ndi kutalika kwake mpaka m'lifupi mwa 2: 1. Mbendera ili ndi buluu lowala, ndi dzuwa lagolide pakati pa mbendera ndipo chiwombankhanga chikuwuluka pansi pake. Pali bala yolunjika pambali pa flagpole, yomwe ndi mtundu wagolide waku Kazakh. Mtundu wabuluu wonyezimira ndi mtundu wachikhalidwe wokondedwa ndi anthu aku Kazakh; mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe amawonekera m'makapeti ndi zovala za mtundu wa Kazakh, ndipo zimawonetsa nzeru ndi nzeru za anthu aku Kazakh. Dzuwa lagolide limayimira kuwala ndi kutentha, ndipo chiwombankhanga chimayimira kulimba mtima. Kazakhstan idatengera mbendera iyi pambuyo pa ufulu mu Disembala 1991.

Kazakhstan ili ndi anthu 15.21 miliyoni (2005). Kazakhstan ndi dziko lokhala ndi mafuko ambiri, lopangidwa ndi mitundu 131, makamaka Kazakh (53%), Russian (30%), Germany, Ukraine, Uzbek, Uyghur, ndi Tatar. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira Chisilamu, kuwonjezera pa Eastern Orthodox, Chikhristu, ndi Chibuda. Chikazakh ndiye chilankhulo, ndipo Chirasha ndicho chilankhulo chovomerezeka chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabungwe aboma ndi mabungwe aboma komanso Kazakh.

Chuma cha Kazakhstan chimayang'aniridwa ndi mafuta, gasi, migodi, malasha, ndi ulimi. Olemera ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, pali zochulukirapo zoposa 90 zovomerezeka. Malo osungira Tungsten amakhala m'malo oyamba padziko lapansi. Palinso nkhokwe zambiri zachitsulo, malasha, mafuta, ndi gasi. Mahekitala 21.7 miliyoni a nkhalango ndi nkhalango. Malo osungira madzi ndi ma cubic metres 53 biliyoni. Pali nyanja zopitilira 7,600. Zokopa zazikuluzikulu monga Almaty Alpine Ski Resort, Balkhash Lake, ndi mzinda wakale wa Turkistan.

Almaty : Alma-ata ndi mzinda wokopa alendo wokhala ndi malo owoneka bwino. Ili kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Kazakhstan ndi kumpoto kwa Mapiri a Tianshan. Dera lamapiri kumapeto kwa phirili (lotchedwa Wai Yili Mountain ku China) lazunguliridwa ndi mapiri mbali zitatu. Imakhala ndi dera lalikulu ma kilomita 190 ndipo ndi 700-900 mita pamwamba pa nyanja. Ndiwotchuka popanga maapulo. Almaty amatanthauza Apple City ku Kazakh. Ambiri okhalamo ndi anthu aku Russia, otsatiridwa ndi mafuko monga Kazakh, Ukraine, Tatar, ndi Uyghur. Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi 1,14 miliyoni.

Almaty yakhala ndi mbiri yakale, ndipo msewu wa Silk wochokera ku China wakale kupita ku Central Asia udadutsa pano. Mzindawu udakhazikitsidwa ku 1854 ndipo ku 1867 udakhala likulu loyang'anira wolowa m'malo wa Turkestan. Ulamuliro wa Soviet unakhazikitsidwa mu 1918, ndipo udakhala likulu la dziko la Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic mu 1929. Soviet Union itagwa mu Disembala 1991, idakhala likulu la Republic palokha la Kazakhstan.

Almaty adatsegulidwa njanji mu 1930 ndipo yakula mwachangu kuyambira pamenepo. M'makampani opanga makina omwe adapangidwa pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, makampani azakudya komanso makampani opepuka onse anali ndi gawo lalikulu. Pambuyo pazaka zambiri zakumanga ndi zomangamanga, Almaty wakhala mzinda wamakono. Dera lokonzedwa bwino ndi lokongola, lodzaza ndi masamba obiriwira, otambalala komanso osanja, komanso malo ambiri odyetserako zipatso. Uwu ndi umodzi mwamizinda yokongola kwambiri ku Central Asia.

Mphepete mwa Almaty ndi malo amtendere ku Northland. Mapiri akuwonongeka pano, Tianshan wokongola kwambiri ali ndi chipale chofewa, ndipo chipale chofewa sichisintha chaka chonse. Phiri lalitali kwambiri ku Komsomolsk limayikidwa motsutsana ndi thambo lamtambo ndi mitambo yoyera, yokhala ndi kuwala kwa siliva komanso kukongola kwake. Tengani galimoto kuchokera mumzinda panjira yokhotakhota yamapiri, panjira, mapiri atali ndi madzi oyenda, malo owoneka bwino. M'chigwachi chomwe chili pamtunda wa makilomita 20 kuchokera mu mzindawu, alendo amabwera kukongola kwachilengedwe ndikuchedwa.