Azerbaijan, the full name of the Republic of Azerbaijan, is located in the eastern part of Transcaucasus at the junction of Asia and Europe, covering an area of ​​86,600 square kilometers. It borders the Caspian Sea to the east, Iran and Turkey to the south, Russia to the north, and Georgia and Armenia to the west. The Autonomous Republic of Nakhichevan and the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region, located in the Central Arras Basin, between Armenia and Iran, are enclaves in Armenia. More than 50% of the entire territory of Azerbaijan is mountainous, with the Greater Caucasus Mountains in the north, the Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south, and the Kulinka Basin in between. The southwest is the Central Araksin Basin, and the north is surrounded by the Dalalapuyaz Mountains and the Zangezulski Mountains. There are the Tares Mountains in the southeast. The main rivers are Kura and Aras. The climate is diverse.

In the 3-10th century AD, it was ruled by Iran and the Arab Caliphate. There were feudal countries such as Shirfan in the 9-16th century. The Azerbaijani nation was basically formed in the 11-13 century. In the 11-14th century, it was invaded by Turkish-Seljuks, Mongol Tatars, and Timurids. From the 16th to the 18th century, it was ruled by the Safavid Dynasty of Iran. In 1813 and 1928, northern Azerbaijan was incorporated into Russia (Baku Province, Elizabeth Bol Province). Announced the establishment of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic on April 28, 1920, joined the Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic on March 12, 1922, joined the Soviet Union as a member of the Federation on December 30 of the same year, and became a member of the Soviet Union on December 5, 1936 A member republic directly under the Soviet Union. On February 6, 1991, the country was renamed the Republic of Azerbaijan. On August 30 of the same year, the Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan adopted the Declaration of Independence, formally proclaiming independence and establishing the Republic of Azerbaijan.

National flag: It is a horizontal rectangle with a ratio of length to width of 2:1. It is composed of three parallel horizontal rectangles connected by light blue, red and green from top to bottom. There is a crescent moon and an eight-pointed star in the middle of the red part. The moon and stars are both white. Azerbaijan became a republic of the former Soviet Union in 1936. Later, the national flag adopted had a red flag with a five-pointed star, a sickle and a hammer, and the lower part of the flag had a blue wide border. In August 1990, independence was declared, and on February 5, 1991, the national flag adopted before 1936 was restored, that is, the aforementioned tricolor flag.

The population of Azerbaijan is 8.436 million (January 1, 2006). There are a total of 43 ethnic groups, of which 90.6% are Azerbaijani, 2.2% are Rezgen, 1.8% are Russian, 1.5% are Armenian, and 1.0% are Talysh. The official language is Azerbaijani, which belongs to the Turkic language family. Most residents are fluent in Russian. Mainly believe in Islam.

Azerbaijan is dominated by heavy industry, while light industry is underdeveloped. The most abundant natural resources are oil and natural gas. The petroleum processing industry is the country’s main industrial sector. Second only to Russia and the second place in the republics of the former Soviet Union. Other industries include petrochemicals, machine manufacturing, non-ferrous metallurgy, light industry and food processing industry. The machine manufacturing industry mainly produces oil and gas extraction equipment. Agriculture is dominated by cash crops, and cotton is particularly important; tobacco, vegetables, grains, tea, and grapes also account for a certain proportion. The livestock industry is dominated by both meat and wool and meat and milk. Transportation mainly depends on railway. The main seaport is Baku.

Baku: Baku is the capital of Azerbaijan and the national economic and cultural center. The largest port in the Caspian Sea. Located in the south of Apsheronmi Island, it is the center of the oil industry and is known as the "oil city". It is also the largest city in the former Soviet Union Transcaucasus. Baku is composed of 10 administrative districts and 46 towns, covering an area of ​​2,200 square kilometers. The population is 1.8288 million. The average temperature in January is 4℃, and the average temperature in July is 27.3℃.

In the 18th century, Baku was the capital of the Baku Khanate. Industrial oil production began in the 1870s. At the end of the 19th century, it became the Transcaucasian industrial center and oil base, with 22 major oil refining bases, and most other industries were related to oil. In August 1991, it became the capital of Azerbaijan after independence.

Baku is an ancient city with a long history. There are many places of interest in the city, such as the Senak-Karl Mosque Tower built in the 11th century, the Kiz-Karas Tower in the 12th century, and the 13th century Baku Ilov Stone Fort, Shirvan Palace from the 15th century and King Khan Palace from the 17th century are well preserved. In 2000, UNESCO listed the Walled City of Baku and the palace of King Shirvan and Maiden Tower as cultural heritage and included it in the "World Heritage List."