Turkmenistan ili ndi dera lalikulu ma kilomita 491,200 ndipo ndi dziko lopanda malo lomwe lili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Central Asia. Imadutsa Nyanja ya Caspian kumadzulo, Kazakhstan kumpoto, Uzbekistan kumpoto chakum'mawa, Afghanistan kum'mawa, ndi Iran kumwera. Gawo lonselo lili m'chigwa, zigwa zili pansi pamadzi 200, ndipo 80% ya dera laphimbidwa ndi chipululu cha Karakum. Kum'mwera ndi kumadzulo kuli mapiri a Kopet ndi mapiri a Palotmiz. Mitsinje yayikulu ndi Amu Darya, Tejan, Murghab ndi Atrek, yomwe imagawidwa makamaka kum'mawa. Mtsinje waukulu wa Karakum womwe umadutsa chakumwera chakum'mawa uli ndi makilomita 1,450 kutalika ndipo uli ndi malo othirira pafupifupi mahekitala 300,000. Ili ndi nyengo yamakontinenti yamphamvu ndipo ndi amodzi mwamalo owuma kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Kupatula likulu la Ashgabat, dzikolo lagawidwa zigawo 5, mizinda 16, ndi zigawo 46. Maboma asanu ndi awa: Akhal, Balkan, Lebap, Mare ndi Dasagoz.

M'mbiri, idagonjetsedwa ndi Aperisi, Amakedoniya, Aturuki, Aarabu, ndi a Mongol Tatars. Kuchokera m'zaka za zana la 9 mpaka 10 AD, idalamulidwa ndi Mafumu a Taheri ndi Saman Dynasty. Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 11 mpaka 15, idalamulidwa ndi a Mongol Tatars. Fuko la Turkmen linapangidwa makamaka m'zaka za zana la 15. Mibadwo ya 16-17 inali ya Khanate ya Khiva ndi Khanate ya Bukhara. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1860 mpaka m'ma 1980, gawo lina lidaphatikizidwa kukhala Russia. Anthu aku Turkmen adatenga nawo gawo pa Revolution ya February ndi October Socialist Revolution ya 1917. Mphamvu zaku Soviet Union zidakhazikitsidwa mu Disembala 1917, ndipo gawo lake lidaphatikizidwa mu Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Khorazmo ndi Bukhara Soviet People's Republic. Pambuyo polekanitsa dera loyang'anira mafuko, Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic idakhazikitsidwa pa Okutobala 27, 1924 ndipo idalowa Soviet Union. Pa Ogasiti 23, 1990, Supreme Soviet ya Turkmenistan idapereka Chikalata Chachikhalidwe cha State, idalengeza ufulu pa October 27, 1991, yasintha dzina kukhala Turkmenistan, ndipo idalowa nawo Union pa Disembala 21 chaka chomwecho.

Mbendera yadziko: Ndi rectangle yopingasa yokhala ndi chiwonetsero cha kutalika mpaka mulifupi pafupifupi 5: 3. Nthambiyi ili ndi mdima wobiriwira, wokhala ndi bandeji yolunjika yodutsa mbendera mbali imodzi ya mbendera, ndipo mitundu isanu yamakapeti imakonzedwa kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi pagulu lonse. Pali pakati pa mwezi wokhala ndi kachigawo kakang'ono kachigawo kakang'ono kakatali ndi nyenyezi zisanu zolunjika zisanu Mwezi ndi nyenyezi zonse ndizoyera. Green ndi mtundu wachikhalidwe womwe anthu aku Turkmen amakonda; mwezi wa kachigawo umaimira tsogolo lowala; nyenyezi zisanu zikuyimira magawo asanu a ziwalo za anthu; kuwona, kumva, kununkhiza, kulawa, ndi kukhudza; nyenyezi yazizindikiro zisanu ikuyimira mkhalidwe wachilengedwe chonse: olimba, Zamadzimadzi, gasi, crystalline ndi plasma; mawonekedwe a carpet akuimira malingaliro achikhalidwe ndi zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo cha anthu aku Turkmen. Turkmenistan idakhala amodzi mwa mayiko omwe kale anali Soviet Union mu Okutobala 1924. Mbendera yadziko yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kuyambira 1953 idayenera kuwonjezera mikwingwirima iwiri yabuluu ku mbendera ya dziko lomwe kale linali Soviet Union. Mu Okutobala 1991, ufulu udalengezedwa ndipo mbendera yadziko lino idalandiridwa.

Turkmenistan ili ndi anthu pafupifupi 7 miliyoni (Marichi 2006). Pali mitundu yopitilira 100, pomwe 77% ndi aku Turkmen, 9.2% a Uzbeks, 6.7% aku Russia, 2% a Kazakhs, 0.8% aku Armenia, kuwonjezera pa Azerbaijan ndi Matata. General Russian. Chilankhulo chachikulu ndi anthu aku Turkmen, omwe ali ku nthambi yakumwera ya banja lachilankhulo cha Altaic. Chaka cha 1927 chisanafike, chilankhulo cha anthu achi Turkmen chinkalembedwa ndi afabeti ya Chiarabu, kenaka inalembedwa mu zilembo za Chilatini, ndipo kuyambira 1940, zilembo za Cyrillic zinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ambiri okhalamo amakhulupirira Chisilamu (Sunni), ndipo anthu aku Russia ndi Armenia amakhulupirira Tchalitchi cha Orthodox.

Mafuta ndi gasi wachilengedwe ndiye nsanamira za chuma cha dziko la Turkmenistan, ndipo ulimi umalima makamaka thonje ndi tirigu. Chuma chake chimakhala cholemera, makamaka mafuta, gasi, mchere wa Glauber, ayodini, zosapanga dzimbiri komanso zitsulo zosowa, ndi zina zambiri. Malo ambiri mdzikolo ndi chipululu, koma pali mafuta ndi gasi wambiri mobisa. Malo otsimikiziridwa a gasi achilengedwe ndi 22.8 trillion cubic metres, kuwerengera pafupifupi kotala la nkhokwe zonse zapadziko lapansi, ndipo malo osungira mafuta ndi matani 12 biliyoni. Kupanga mafuta kwawonjezeka kuchoka pa matani 3 miliyoni pachaka asanalandire ufulu mpaka pano mpaka matani mamiliyoni 10. Kutulutsa kwa gasi pachaka kumafika ku ma cubic metres 60 biliyoni, ndipo voliyumu yotumiza kunja yafika ku ma cubic mita a 45 mpaka 50 biliyoni. Zakudya monga nyama, mkaka, ndi mafuta nazonso ndizokwanira. Turkmenistan yamanganso malo atsopano opanga magetsi, ndipo nzika zake zimagwiritsa ntchito magetsi kwaulere. GDP mu 2004 idafika madola 19 biliyoni aku US, kuwonjezeka kwa 21.4% kuposa chaka chatha, ndipo GDP ya munthu aliyense inali pafupifupi 3,000 US dollars.

Ashgabat: Ashgabat ndiye likulu la Turkmenistan (Ashgabat), likulu lazandale, zachuma komanso chikhalidwe, komanso umodzi mwamizinda yofunika ku Central Asia. Ili pakati ndi kumwera kwa Turkmenistan, kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa chipululu cha Karakum, ndi mzinda wachichepere koma wovuta kukhala ku Central Asia. Kutalika kwake ndi 215 mita ndipo malowa ndi opitilira 300 kilomita lalikulu. Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi 680,000. Ndi kotentha kotentha konsekonse, kotentha pafupifupi 4.4 temperature mu Januware ndi 27.7 ℃ mu Julayi. Mvula yambiri pamwezi imangokhala 5 mm.

Ashgabad poyamba anali nyumba yachifumu ya Jiezhen, nthambi ya anthu aku Turkmen, kutanthauza "Mzinda Wachikondi". Mu 1881, Tsarist Russia idapanga Houli Naval District ndikukhazikitsa malo oyang'anira pano. Madzulo a Nkhondo Yadziko I, mzindawu udakhala likulu lamalonda pakati pa Tsarist Russia ndi Iran. Mu 1925 lidakhala likulu la dziko la Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic. Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, boma la Soviet linapanga zomangamanga ku Ashgabat pambuyo pa nkhondo. Komabe, mu Okutobala 1948, kunachitika chivomerezi chachikulu cha 9-10 pamlingo wa Richter, womwe udatsala pang'ono kuwononga mzinda wonsewo, pafupifupi 180,000. Anthu anaphedwa. Inamangidwanso mu 1958, ndipo patatha zaka zopitilira 50 zakumanga ndi chitukuko, Ashgabat yakonzanso. Pa Disembala 27, 1991, Turkmenistan yalengeza ufulu wawo ndipo Ashgabat adakhala likulu la Turkmenistan.

Turkmenistan italengeza ufulu wake mu Okutobala 1991, boma lidaganiza zomanga likulu kukhala mzinda wopangidwa ndi ma marble oyera, mzinda wamadzi ndi likulu lobiriwira padziko lapansi. Ashgabat ndi umodzi mwamizinda yomwe ikukula mofulumira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Nyumba zonse zatsopano zimapangidwa ndi amisiri aku France ndipo amamangidwa ndi anthu aku Turkey. Pamwamba pa nyumbayi pali mapira oyera oyera ochokera ku Iran, ndikupangitsa mzinda wonse kuwoneka woyera komanso wowala.

Minda, kapinga, ndi akasupe amatha kuwona kulikonse mumzinda, ndipo Central Cultural and Rest Park yotchuka pafupi ndi National Theatre ili ndi masamba obiriwira komanso kununkhira kwa maluwa. Pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Soviet Union, nyumba zikuluzikulu zomwe zangomangidwa kumene mumzindawu zili paliponse.Nyumba yachifumu ndiyabwino, chipata chosalowerera ndale, malo okumbukira za chivomerezi, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale komanso malo osungira ana amasiye ndizapadera.