Turukimenisitani Amakuru Yibanze
Igihe cyaho | Igihe cyawe |
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Umwanya wigihe | Itandukaniro ryigihe |
UTC/GMT +5 isaha |
ubunini / uburebure |
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38°58'6"N / 59°33'46"E |
kodegisi |
TM / TKM |
ifaranga |
Manat (TMT) |
Ururimi |
Turkmen (official) 72% Russian 12% Uzbek 9% other 7% |
amashanyarazi |
Andika b US 3-pin F-Ubwoko bwa Shuko |
ibendera ry'igihugu |
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umurwa mukuru |
Ashgabat |
urutonde rwa banki |
Turukimenisitani urutonde rwa banki |
abaturage |
4,940,916 |
akarere |
488,100 KM2 |
GDP (USD) |
40,560,000,000 |
telefone |
575,000 |
Terefone ngendanwa |
3,953,000 |
Umubare wabakoresha interineti |
714 |
Umubare w'abakoresha interineti |
80,400 |
Turukimenisitani Intangiriro
Turukimenisitani ni igihugu kidafite inkombe mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bwa Aziya yo hagati gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 491.200.Uhana imbibi n’inyanja ya Kaspiya mu burengerazuba, Irani na Afuganisitani mu majyepfo no mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo, na Qazaqistan na Uzubekisitani mu majyaruguru no mu majyaruguru y’amajyaruguru. Igice kinini cyubutaka ni ikibaya, ibibaya ahanini biri munsi ya metero 200 hejuru yinyanja, 80% byubutaka butwikiriwe nubutayu bwa Karakum, naho imisozi ya Kopet n imisozi ya Palotmiz iri mumajyepfo no muburengerazuba. Ifite ikirere gikomeye cyumugabane kandi ni kamwe mu turere twumutse kwisi. Turukimenisitani ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 491.200 kandi ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bwa Aziya yo hagati. Irahana imbibi n'inyanja ya Kaspiya mu burengerazuba, Kazakisitani mu majyaruguru, Uzubekisitani mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, Afuganisitani mu burasirazuba, na Irani mu majyepfo. Igice kinini cyubutaka ni ikibaya, ibibaya ahanini biri munsi ya metero 200 hejuru yinyanja, naho 80% byubutaka butwikiriwe nubutayu bwa Karakum. Mu majyepfo no mu burengerazuba hari imisozi ya Kopet n'imisozi ya Palotmiz. Inzuzi nini ni Amu Darya, Tejan, Murghab na Atrek, zikwirakwizwa cyane mu burasirazuba. Umuyoboro munini wa Karakum unyura mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba ufite uburebure bwa kilometero 1,450 kandi ufite ubuso buvomera hegitari 300.000. Ifite ikirere gikomeye cyumugabane kandi ni kamwe mu turere twumutse kwisi. Usibye umurwa mukuru Ashgabat, igihugu kigabanyijemo leta 5, imigi 16, n'uturere 46. Intara eshanu ni: Akhal, Balkan, Lebap, Mare na Dasagoz. Mu mateka, yigaruriwe n'Abaperesi, Abanyamakedoniya, Abanyaturukiya, Abarabu, n'Abatutsi b'Abamongoli. Kuva mu kinyejana cya 9 kugeza mu cya 10 nyuma ya Yesu, yategekwaga n'ingoma ya Taheri n'ingoma ya Saman. Kuva mu kinyejana cya 11 kugeza mu cya 15, cyategekwaga n'Abatutsi b'Abamongoli. Igihugu cya Turukimenisitani cyashinzwe ahanini mu kinyejana cya 15. Ibisekuru bya 16-17 byari ibya Hanate ya Khiva na Hanate ya Bukhara. Kuva mu mpera za 1860 kugeza hagati ya za 1980, igice cy'ubutaka cyahujwe n'Uburusiya. Abanyaturukiya bitabiriye impinduramatwara yo muri Gashyantare na Ukwakira kwa Gisosiyalisiti yo mu Kwakira 1917. Ubutegetsi bw'Abasoviyeti bwashinzwe mu Kuboza 1917, kandi akarere kako kahujwe na Repubulika y'Abasoviyeti yigenga ya Turukiya yigenga, Khorazmo na Repubulika y'Abasoviyeti ya Bukhara. Nyuma yo gutandukanya agace kayobora amoko, Repubulika y’Abasoviyeti y’Abasoviyeti yashinzwe ku ya 27 Ukwakira 1924 maze yinjira muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti. Ku ya 23 Kanama 1990, Abasoviyeti Nkuru ya Turukimenisitani batoye Itangazo ry’Ubusugire bwa Leta, batangaza ubwigenge ku ya 27 Ukwakira 1991, bahindura izina ryitwa Turukimenisitani, maze binjira mu Bumwe ku ya 21 Ukuboza uwo mwaka. Ibendera ry'igihugu: Urukiramende rutambitse rufite igipimo cy'uburebure n'ubugari bwa 5: 3. Ubutaka bwibendera ni icyatsi kibisi.Kuruhande rwibendera, hari umurongo mugari uhagaritse unyuze hejuru yibendera.Ibishushanyo bitanu bitapi bitunganijwe kuva hejuru kugeza hasi mumurongo mugari. Hariho ukwezi gutambutse hamwe ninyenyeri eshanu eshanu-zitanu hagati mu gice cyo hejuru cyibendera.Ukwezi ninyenyeri byose byera. Icyatsi ni ibara gakondo abantu bo muri Turukimenisitani bakunda; ukwezi kwimbitse kugereranya ejo hazaza heza; inyenyeri eshanu zigereranya imikorere itanu yingingo zabantu; kureba, kumva, guhumurirwa, uburyohe, no gukorakora; inyenyeri eshanu zigereranya uko ibintu byifashe: bikomeye, Amazi, gaze, kristaline na plasma; ishusho ya tapi ishushanya ibitekerezo gakondo n'imyizerere y'idini yabaturage ba Turukimenisitani. Turukimenisitani yabaye imwe muri repubulika zahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti mu Kwakira 1924. Ibendera ry'igihugu ryemejwe kuva 1953 ryagombaga kongeramo imirongo ibiri y'ubururu ku ibendera ry'icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti. Mu Kwakira 1991, ubwigenge bwatangajwe kandi hemejwe ibendera ry'igihugu. Turukimenisitani ifite abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 7 (Werurwe 2006). Hariho amoko arenga 100, muri bo 77% ni Abanyaturukiya, 9.2% by'Abanya Uzbekistan, 6.7% by'Abarusiya, 2% by'Abanyakanaka, 0.8% by'Abanyarumeniya, usibye Azerubayijani n'Abatutsi. Rusiya Rusange. Ururimi rwemewe ni Abanyaturukiya, bakomoka mu ishami ry’amajyepfo ryumuryango w’ururimi rwa Altaic. Mbere ya 1927, ururimi rwa Turukimenisitani rwanditswe mu nyuguti z'icyarabu, nyuma mu nyuguti z'ikilatini, kandi guhera mu 1940, inyuguti ya Kirilike yakoreshejwe. Abenshi mu baturage bemera Islam (Abasuni), naho Abarusiya n'Abanyarumeniya bemera Itorero rya orotodogisi. Amavuta na gaze gasanzwe ninganda zinkingi zubukungu bwigihugu cya Turukimenisitani, kandi ubuhinzi ahanini butera ipamba ningano. Amabuye y'agaciro arakungahaye, cyane cyane arimo peteroli, gaze gasanzwe, mirabilite, iyode, ibyuma bidafite fer na metero zidasanzwe. Igice kinini cyubutaka bwigihugu ni ubutayu, ariko hano hari peteroli nyinshi na gaze gasanzwe. Ububiko bwa gaze karemano bugera kuri metero kibe 22.8, bingana na kimwe cya kane cy’ibicuruzwa byose ku isi, naho ububiko bwa peteroli ni toni miliyari 12. Umusaruro wa peteroli wiyongereye kuva kuri toni miliyoni 3 ku mwaka mbere y’ubwigenge ugera kuri toni miliyoni 10. Ubu umusaruro wa buri mwaka wa gaze gasanzwe ugera kuri metero kibe 60, naho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bigera kuri metero kibe 45 kugeza kuri 50. Ibiribwa nkinyama, amata namavuta nabyo birihagije rwose. Turukimenisitani kandi yubatse amashanyarazi mashya menshi, kandi abaturage bayo bakoresha amashanyarazi ku buntu. Umusaruro rusange mu 2004 wageze kuri miliyari 19 z'amadolari y'Amerika, wiyongereyeho 21.4% ugereranije n'umwaka ushize, kandi umuturage GDP yari hafi 3.000 by'amadolari y'Amerika. Ashgabat: Ashgabat ni umurwa mukuru wa Turukimenisitani (Ashgabat), ikigo cya politiki, ubukungu n’umuco by’igihugu, kandi ni umwe mu mijyi ikomeye muri Aziya yo hagati. Iherereye mu majyepfo ya Turukimenisitani no mu majyepfo no mu majyepfo y’ubutayu bwa Karakum, ni umujyi ugereranyije ariko ukora cyane muri Aziya yo hagati. Uburebure ni metero 215 kandi ubuso burenga kilometero kare 300. Abaturage ni 680.000. Ifite ikirere gikonje cyo ku mugabane w’ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 4.4 ℃ muri Mutarama na 27.7 ℃ muri Nyakanga. Ikigereranyo cy'imvura igereranije buri kwezi ni mm 5 gusa. Ashgabad yari igihome cy'ishami rya Turukimenisitani rya Jiezhen, bisobanura "Umujyi w'urukundo". Mu 1881, Uburusiya bwa cyami bwashinze akarere ka Houli Naval kandi bushiraho ikigo cyubutegetsi hano. Mbere y’Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, umujyi wabaye ikigo cy’ubucuruzi hagati y’Uburusiya bwa cyami na Irani. Mu 1925 yabaye umurwa mukuru wa Repubulika y'Abasoviyeti y'Abasoviyeti. Nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose irangiye, guverinoma y'Abasoviyeti yakoze imyubakire nini nyuma y'intambara i Ashgabat.Ariko mu Kwakira 1948, habaye umutingito ufite ubukana bwa 9-10 ku gipimo cya Richter, hafi yo gusenya umujyi wose, hafi 180.000. Abantu barapfuye. Yongeye kubakwa mu 1958, nyuma yimyaka irenga 50 yubatswe niterambere, Ashgabat yongeye gutera imbere. Ku ya 27 Ukuboza 1991, Turukimenisitani yatangaje ubwigenge bwayo maze Ashgabat iba umurwa mukuru wa Turukimenisitani. Nyuma yuko Turukimenisitani itangaje ubwigenge mu Kwakira 1991, guverinoma yafashe icyemezo cyo kubaka umurwa mukuru mu mujyi wihariye wa marble yera, umujyi w’amazi n’umurwa mukuru w’icyatsi ku isi. Ashgabat ni umwe mu mijyi ikura vuba ku isi.Inyubako zose nshya zakozwe n'abubatsi b'Abafaransa kandi zubatswe n'Abanyaturukiya. Ubuso bw'inyubako butwikiriwe na marble yera yose yaturutse muri Irani, bigatuma umujyi wose usa n'umweru kandi urabagirana. Ubusitani, ibyatsi, n'amasoko birashobora kugaragara ahantu hose mumujyi, kandi parike izwi cyane yo mumuco no kuruhukira hagati yikinamico yigihugu yuzuye ibimera n'impumuro nziza yindabyo. Nyuma y’isenyuka ry’Abasoviyeti, inyubako nini nini zubatswe muri uyu mujyi ziri hose.Ingoro ya perezida ni nziza cyane, irembo ridafite aho ribogamiye, urwibutso rw’umutingito, inzu ndangamurage y’igihugu n’imfubyi birihariye. |