Turkmenistan ine nharaunda yemakiromita mazana mana nemazana matanhatu ane mazana mapfumbamwe nemakiromita uye inyika yakavharwa iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweCentral Asia. Inoganhura Gungwa reCaspian kumadokero, Kazakhstan kuchamhembe, Uzbekistan kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, Afghanistan kumabvazuva, uye Iran kumaodzanyemba. Yakawanda yenzvimbo iyi yakadzika, mabani acho ari pasi pemamita mazana maviri pamusoro pegungwa, uye makumi masere muzana yenharaunda yakafukidzwa neKarakum Desert. Ku maodzanyemba nekumadokero kune maKopet Mountains nePalotmiz Mountains. Nzizi huru ndiAmu Darya, Tejan, Murghab naAtrek, ayo anonyanya kugoverwa kumabvazuva. Iyo Karakum Grand Canal iyo inomhanya ichiyambuka kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva ndeye 1,450 mamaira uye ine nzvimbo yemadiridziro ingangoita 300,000 mahekita. Iyo ine yakasimba nyika kondinendi uye ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakaomesesa pasi.

Kunze kweguta guru reAshgabat, nyika yakakamurwa kuita matunhu mashanu, maguta gumi nematanhatu, nematunhu makumi mana nenomwe. Aya mashanu anoti: Akhal, Balkan, Lebap, Mare uye Dasagoz.

Munhoroondo, yakakundwa nevaPersia, vaMakedhonia, vaTurkey, maArabhu nemaMongol Tatars. Kubva muzana ramakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe kusvika regumi AD, raitongwa nedzinza raTaheri neSyn Dynasty. Kubva muzana ramakore regumi nerimwe kusvika kune rechigumi nemashanu, raitongwa nemaMongol Tatars. Rudzi rweTurkmen rwakaumbwa zvakanyanya muzana ramakore regumi nemashanu. Iyo yegumi nematanhatu kusvika gumi nenhanhatu yaive yeKanate yeKhiva uye Khanate yeBukhara. Kubva mukupera kwema1860s kusvika pakati pa1980s, chikamu chenharaunda chakabatanidzwa kuRussia. Vanhu veTurkmen vakapinda muChimurenga Kukadzi uye Gumiguru Socialist Shanduko ya1917. Simba reSoviet rakagadzwa muna Zvita 1917, uye ndima yaro yakabatanidzwa muTurkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Khorazmo neBukhara Soviet People's Republic. Mushure mekumisa nzvimbo yekutonga kwemarudzi, iyo Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic yakavambwa muna Gumiguru 27, 1924 ndokubatana neSoviet Union. Musi waAugust 23, 1990, Supreme Soviet yeTurkmenistan yakapasisa Declaration of State Emperor, yakazivisa rusununguko musi waGumiguru 27, 1991, yakashandura zita rayo kuva Turkmenistan, ndokujoina Union muna Zvita 21 wegore rimwe chetero.

Mureza wenyika: Iyo yakatenderera yakatenderera ine chiyero chehurefu kusvika paupamhi hweinenge 5: 3. Iyo mureza ivhu rakasvibira rakasvibira, iine yakatwasuka yakafara bhendi ichipfuura nemureza kune rimwe divi remureza pole, uye mashanu kapeti mapatani akarongedzwa kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi mubhanhire rakakura. Kune mwedzi wekirisendi uye nenyeredzi shanu dzakanangana pakati pakati pechikamu chepamusoro chemureza.Mwedzi nenyeredzi zvese zvichena. Girinhi nderoruvara rwechinyakare urwo runodiwa nevanhu veTurkmen; mwedzi wekirisendi unomiririra ramangwana rakajeka; nyeredzi shanu dzinomiririra mashandiro emitezo mishanu yevanhu; kuona, kunzwa, kunhuwidza, kuravira, nekubata; iyo nyeredzi-inonongedza shanu inomiririra mamiriro ezvese zvakasikwa: yakasimba, Liquid, gasi, crystalline uye plasma; iyo kapeti maitiro anomiririra echinyakare mazano uye zvitendero zvezvitendero zvevanhu veTurkmen. Turkmenistan yakava imwe yedzimwe nyika dzeyaimbova Soviet Union muna Gumiguru 1924. Mureza wenyika wakatorwa kubva muna 1953 waive wekuwedzera mitsetse miviri yebhuruu pamureza weyaimbova Soviet Union. Muna Gumiguru 1991, rusununguko rwakaziviswa uye mureza wazvino wenyika wakagamuchirwa.

Turkmenistan ine huwandu hunosvika mamirioni manomwe (Kurume 2006). Kune anopfuura madzinza zana, ayo 77% ari maTurkmen, 9.2% evaUzbeks, 6.7% evaRussia, 2% evaKazakhs, 0.8% yevaArmenia, kuwedzera kuAzerbaijani neTatar. Mukuru weRussia. Mutauro wepamutemo mutauro weTurkmen, iri yebazi rekumaodzanyemba remhuri yemutauro wechiAltaic. Gore ra1927 risati rasvika, mutauro wechiTurkmen wainge wakanyorwa nemavara echiArabic, mushure mawo muchiLatin, uye kubvira 1940, alfabheti yeCyrillic yaishandiswa. Vazhinji vevagari vanotenda muIslam (Sunni), uye maRussia neArmenians vanotenda muChechi yeOrthodox.

Oiri uye gasi rechisikigo ndiwo maindasitiri embiru ehupfumi hwenyika hweTurkmenistan, uye kurima kunonyanya kurima donje negorosi. Zvicherwa zvakapfuma, kunyanya zvinosanganisira oiri, gasi rechisikigo, mirabilite, iodine, isina-feri uye isingawanzo simbi. Yakawanda yenyika yenyika igwenga, asi kune yakawanda mafuta uye gasi zviwanikwa pasi pevhu. Akachengetedzwa gasi rechisikirwo ari 22.8 trillion cubic metres, achiverengera ingangoita kota yematura epasirese epasi, uye matura emafuta ari gumi nematanhatu ematani. Kugadzirwa kwemafuta kwakawedzera kubva pamatani emamirioni matatu pagore rusununguko risati rasvika kusvika pamatani emamirioni 10. Kuburitswa kwegasi chairo kwegore rose kwasvika pamabhiriyoni emamita emamirioni makumi matanhatu, uye huwandu hwekunze hwasvika pamakumi mashanu emakumi mashanu emakumi mashanu emamiriyoni ema cubic. Chikafu chakadai senyama, mukaka, nemafuta zvakare zvinokwana zvakakwana. Turkmenistan yakavakawo akati wandei matsva emagetsi emagetsi, uye vagari vayo vanoshandisa magetsi mahara. Iyo GDP muna 2004 yakasvika mabhiriyoni gumi nematanhatu emadhora ekuAmerica, kuwedzera kwe21,4% pamusoro pegore rapfuura, uye iyo GDP yemunhu yaive inenge zviuru zvitatu zvemadhora ekuAmerica

Ashgabat: Ashgabat ndiro guta guru reTurkmenistan (Ashgabat), iro renyika rezvematongerwo enyika, rezvehupfumi uye tsika, uye rimwe remaguta akakosha muCentral Asia. Iri pakati nepakati kumaodzanyemba kweTurkmenistan uye kumucheto kwekumaodzanyemba kweKarakum Desert, iguta diki asi rinoshanda nesimba muCentral Asia. Iko kukwirira kuri 215 metres uye nzvimbo yacho inopfuura mazana matatu emakiromita. Huwandu hwevanhu i680,000. Iyo ine yakadzikama kondinendi yakaoma mamiriro ekunze, iine avhareji tembiricha ye4.4 ℃ munaNdira uye 27.7 ℃ muna Chikunguru. Ivhareji yekunaya kwemwedzi pamwedzi inongova 5 mm chete.

Ashgabad pakutanga yaive nhare yebazi reTurkmen reJiezhen, zvinoreva kuti "Guta rerudo". Muna 1881, Tsarist Russia yakaumba iyo Houli Naval District uye ndokumisikidza nzvimbo yekutonga pano. Pausiku hweHondo Yenyika I, iro guta rakava nzvimbo yekutengesa pakati peTsarist Russia neIran. Muna 1925 rakava guta guru reTurkmen Soviet Soviet Socialist Republic. Mushure mekupera kweHondo Yenyika II, hurumende yeSoviet yakaita kuvaka kwakakura mushure mehondo muAshgabat.Zvisinei, muna Gumiguru 1948, kwakave nekudengenyeka kwenyika kwakakura kusvika 9-10 pachiyero cheRichter, chakapotsa chaparadza guta rese, vangangoita 180,000. Vanhu vakafa. Yakavakwazve muna 1958, uye mushure memakore anopfuura makumi mashanu ekuvaka nekusimudzira, Ashgabat yakagadzirisazve. Musi waZvita 27, 1991, Turkmenistan yakazivisa rusununguko uye Ashgabat yakave guta guru reTurkmenistan.

Mushure mekunge Turkmenistan yazivisa rusununguko muna Gumiguru 1991, hurumende yakafunga kuvaka guta guru kuita rakasarudzika machena machena guta, guta remvura uye green green munyika. Ashgabat nderimwe remaguta ari kukura nekukurumidza kwazvo pasirese. Pamusoro pechivako chakafukidzwa neese machena machena anobva kuIran, zvichiita kuti guta rese ritaridze kuchena uye kupenya.

Mapindu, tsangadzi nematsime anokwanisa kuoneka kwese kwese muguta, uye inozivikanwa yeCentral Culture uye Rest Park padhuze neNational Theatre ine huswa hwakasvibira uye kunhuwirira kwemaruva. Mushure mekuparara kweSoviet Union, zvivakwa zvakakura zvichangovakwa mudhorobha zviri kwese kwese.Muzinda wemutungamiri wenyika wakanaka, suwo risingapindiri, chivakwa chekurangarira kwenyika, miziyamu yenyika nenherera zvakasarudzika.