Netherlands, aha zuru oke nke alaeze Netherlands, nwere mpaghara nke square kilomita 41528. Ọ dị na ọdịda anyanwụ Europe, agbata obi Germany n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ na Belgium na ndịda. Ọ gbara Oke Osimiri Ugwu n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ na ebe ugwu ma dị na ndagwurugwu nke osimiri Rhine, Maas na Skelt, nwere oke osimiri nke 1,075 kilomita. Osimiri ndị dị n'ókèala ahụ gafere, ọkachasị gụnyere Rhine na Maas. Enwere IJsselmeer n'ụsọ osimiri dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ. Ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ọdịda anyanwụ bụ ala dị larịị, ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ mbara ala ndị nwere oghere, na etiti ya na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ ya bụ ugwu ugwu. "Netherlands" a na-akpọ Netherlands na Germanic, nke pụtara "obodo dị larịị" A kpọrọ ya n'ihi na ihe karịrị ọkara ala ya dị n'okpuru ma ọ bụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkwa mmiri. Ihu igwe nke Netherlands bụ ihu igwe nwere oke ikuku nke oke osimiri.

E kewara obodo a na mpaghara iri na abụọ yana ọchịchị obodo iri anọ na itoolu (2003). Aha mpaghara ndị a bụ: Groningen, Friesland, Drenthe, Overijssel, Gelderland, Utrecht, North Holland, South Holland, Zealand, North Brabant, Limburg, Frey Fran.

Tupu narị afọ nke 16, ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke ikewapụ iche ruo ogologo oge. N'okpuru ọchịchị Spanish na mbido narị afọ nke 16. N’afọ 1568, agha dara megide ọchịchị Spanish ruo afọ 80. N’afọ 1581, mpaghara asaa ndị dị n’ebe ugwu mepere Dutch Republic (nke a na-akpọkarị United Republic of the Netherlands). Na 1648 Spain nabatara nnwere onwe Dutch. Ọ bụ ikike ọchịchị nke ụgbọ mmiri na narị afọ nke 17. Mgbe narị afọ nke 18 gasịrị, usoro ọchịchị Dutch ji nwayọọ nwayọọ daa. Mwakpo ndị France na 1795. Na 1806, nwanne Napoleon ghọrọ eze, a kpọkwara Holland alaeze. Etinye na France na 1810. Nkewapụrụ ya na France na 1814 wee guzobe alaeze nke Netherlands n'afọ na-esote (Belgium kewara Netherlands na 1830). Ọ ghọrọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na 1848. Nọgide na-anọpụ iche n'oge Agha Worldwa Mbụ. E kwupụtara nnọpụiche na mbido Agha IIwa nke Abụọ. Na Mee 1940, ndị agha German wakporo ma biri na ya, ezinụlọ ndị eze na gọọmentị kwagara Britain, e guzobekwara gọọmentị nọ na mba ọzọ. Mgbe agha ahụ bisịrị, ọ hapụrụ amụma nnọpụiche ya ma sonyere NATO, European Community na mgbe e mesịrị European Union.

Ọkọlọtọ mba: Ọ bụ akụkụ anọ nwere nha ogologo n'obosara nke 3: 2. Site n'elu na ala, a kpụrụ ya site na ijikọta ihe ntanetị atọ na nha anya nke uhie, ọcha na acha anụnụ anụnụ. Blue na-egosi na mba ahụ na-eche ihu n'oké osimiri ma gosipụta obi ụtọ nke ndị mmadụ; ọcha na-egosi nnwere onwe, nha anya, na ochichi onye kwuo uche ya, ma na-anọchi anya omume dị mfe nke ndị mmadụ; uhie na-anọchite anya mmeri nke mgbanwe ahụ.

Netherlands nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nde 16.357 (June 2007). Ihe karịrị 90% bụ ndị Dutch, na mgbakwunye Fris. Asụsụ gọọmenti bụ Dutch, a na-asụ Frisian na Friesland. 31% nke ndị bi na ya kwenyere na Katọlik na 21% kwenyere na Iso Christianityzọ Kraịst.

Netherlands bụ obodo mepere emepe nwere mmepe obodo nwere ngwaahịa mba niile nke US $ 612.713 ijeri na 2006, nwere uru isi ego nke dollar 31,757. Akụ ndị sitere na Dutch dịkarị ụkọ. E mepụtara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ Ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe gụnyere nhazi nri, petrochemicals, metallurgy, machinery Manufacture, Electronics, steel, shipbuilding, printing, processing diamond, wdg. N'ime afọ 20 gara aga, ọ tinyela nnukwu mkpa maka mmepe ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ dị elu dịka oghere, microelectronics, na biology engineering. Ọ bụ ịrụ ụgbọ mmiri, metallurgy, wdg. Rotterdam bụ ebe kachasị nụchaa mmanụ na Europe. Netherlands bụ otu n'ime mba ndị na-ewu ụgbọ mmiri n'ụwa niile. A na-emepekwa ọrụ ugbo Dutch nke ọma ma bụrụkwa onye nke atọ kachasị ukwuu na-ebupụ ala na-akọ ugbo. Ndi Dutch ji ala nke na adighi nma maka oru ugbo iji zulite oru anumanu dika odi na onodu ebe ahu, ma ugbua o rutela otu ehi na otu ezi n’otu n’amu, mee ya otu n’ime obodo ndi mepere emepe n’ime ulo oru anumanu nke uwa. Ihe kariri okara ka ahia ahia nduku wa bu nke a na ebubata ebe a. Okooko osisi bụ ụlọ ọrụ ogidi na Netherlands. E nwere ngụkọta nke ụlọ ahịhịa griin nke 110 nde square mita na mba maka ịkọ okooko osisi na akwụkwọ nri, yabụ na ọ nwere aha "European Garden". Netherlands na-eziga ịma mma n'akụkụ niile nke ụwa, na-ebupụkwa ifuru na 40% -50% nke ahịa ifuru mba. Ndị ọrụ ego Dutch, ụlọ ọrụ ịnshọransị, na njem nleta emepụtakwara nke ọma.

Anecdote-Iji lanarị ma zụlite, ndị Dutch gbalịsiri ike iji chebe obere mba mbụ wee zere "ịpụ" mgbe oke osimiri ahụ dị elu. Ha na oké osimiri gbara mgba ruo ogologo oge, na-anapụta ala site n'oké osimiri. N'ihe dị ka narị afọ nke 13, e wuuru mmiri mmiri iji gbochie oké osimiri, mgbe ahụ, ụgbọ mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri na cofferdam. N'ime narị afọ ndị gara aga, ndị Dutch arụọla ihe mgbochi 1,800 nke oké osimiri, na-agbakwunye ihe karịrị hectare 600,000. Taa 20% nke ala Dutch ka ejiri agbapụta agbapụta na mmiri. Okwu ndị a "Ntachi obi" nke edere na National Emblem nke Netherlands gosipụtara nke ọma ụdị mba ndị Dutch.

Amsterdam : Amsterdam, isi obodo nke alaeze Netherlands, dị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke IJsselmeer, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na 735,000 (2003). Amsterdam bụ obodo ọzọ. E nwere ihe karịrị 160 nnukwu na obere ụzọ mmiri dị n’obodo ahụ, ihe karịrị otu àkwà mmiri 1,000 jikọtara. Na-agagharị n'obodo, àkwà mmiri gafere na osimiri gafere. Site na anya nnụnụ, ebili mmiri ahụ dị ka satin na cobwebs. Mpaghara obodo ahụ dị mita 1-5 n'okpuru oke osimiri ma kpọọ ya "Venice nke North".

“Dan” putara mmiri na Dutch. Ọ bụ mmiri mmiri ahụ ndị Dutch wuru bụ nke ji nwayọọ nwayọọ mepụta obodo nta na-akụ azụ 700 afọ gara aga na obodo ukwu ụwa ọ bụ taa. Na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 16, Amsterdam abụrụla ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na obodo azụmaahịa dị mkpa, ma bụrụ ebe etiti ụwa na azụmaahịa na ọdịnala ụwa na narị afọ nke 17. Na 1806, Netherlands kwagara isi obodo ya na Amsterdam, mana ezinụlọ ndị eze, ndị omeiwu, ụlọ ọrụ praịm minista, ndị isi na ndị nnọchi anya mba ọzọ ka dị na Hague.

Amsterdam bụ obodo kachasị ukwuu na ụlọ ọrụ akụ na ụba na Netherlands, nwere ihe karịrị ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe 7,700, na mmepụta diamond na-emepụta 80% nke ngụkọta ụwa. Na mgbakwunye, Amsterdam nwere mgbanwe ngwaahịa kacha ochie n'ụwa.

Amsterdam bụkwa obodo ama ama ama ama ama ama na Europe na omenaala. Enwere ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie 40 n’obodo ahụ. National Museum nwere nchịkọta nke ihe karịrị ọrụ ọrụ nka 1, gụnyere ọkaibe nke nna ukwu dịka Rembrandt, Hals na Vermeer, bụ ndị ama ama n'ụwa niile. Museumlọ ihe nkiri Obodo nke Art Modern na Van Gogh Museum bụ ndị ama ama maka mkpokọta nka Dutch nke narị afọ nke 17. "Ubi Wheat Field" na "Onye na-eri nduku" mechara ụbọchị abụọ tupu ọnwụ Van Gogh ebe a.

Rotterdam : Rotterdam dị na mmiri gafere site na mgbakọta nke osimiri Rhine na Maas na mpaghara ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Netherlands, 18 kilomita site na North Sea. Na mbụ ọ bụ ala eweghachiri na ọnụ nke Osimiri Rotter. Ntọala na njedebe nke narị afọ 13, ọ bụ naanị obere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na ebe azụmahịa. Ọ malitere ịmalite n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke abụọ kachasị na Netherlands na 1600. Na 1870, ụzọ mmiri nke na-eduga na North Sea si n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri rụzigharị ma mepụta ngwa ngwa wee bụrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri zuru ụwa ọnụ.

Kemgbe afọ ndị 1960, Rotterdam abụrụla ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri kacha ibu n'ụwa, nke nwere ibu kachasị ibu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke 300 nde tọn (1973). Ọ bụ ọnụ ụzọ ámá ndagwurugwu Rhine. Ugbu a ọ bụ obodo nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu na Netherlands, ebe njem maka mmiri, ala na ikuku, yana ebe azụmahịa na ego dị mkpa. Rotterdam ugbu a bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri kacha ukwuu n’ụwa nwere oke ibu, yana ebe nkesa ngwaahịa na Western Europe, yana ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri kacha ibu na Europe. Ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ na-anụcha ihe, ụlọ ụgbọ mmiri, petrochemicals, nchara, nri na igwe. Rotterdam nwere mahadum, ụlọ akwụkwọ nyocha na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie.