Netherlands, dzina lonse la Kingdom of Netherlands, ili ndi dera lalikulu masikweya kilomita 41528. Ili kumadzulo kwa Europe, dziko loyandikana ndi Germany kum'mawa ndi Belgium kumwera. Imadutsa Nyanja Yakumpoto chakumadzulo ndi kumpoto ndipo ili m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Rhine, Maas ndi Skelt, yomwe ili ndi gombe lamakilomita 1,075. Mitsinje yomwe ili m'derali imadutsa, makamaka Rhine ndi Maas. Pali IJsselmeer pagombe lakumpoto chakumadzulo. Gombe lakumadzulo ndi chigwa, kum'mawa kuli zigwa za wavy, ndipo pakati ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kuli mapiri. "Netherlands" amatchedwa Netherlands m'Chijeremani, kutanthauza kuti "dziko lotsika" .Limatchedwa dzina chifukwa gawo lopitilira theka la nthaka yake lili pansi kapena pafupifupi panyanja. Nyengo ya ku Netherlands ndi nyengo yamtambo yotentha kwambiri yam'mapiri.

Dzikoli lagawidwa m'maboma 12 okhala ndi ma 489 (2003). Mayina a zigawo ndi awa: Groningen, Friesland, Drenthe, Overijssel, Gelderland, Utrecht, North Holland, South Holland, Zealand, North Brabant, Limburg, Frey Fran.

Zisanafike zaka za zana la 16, zidali zodzipatula kwanthawi yayitali. Mu ulamuliro wa Spain koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 16. Mu 1568, nkhondo yolimbana ndi ulamuliro waku Spain idabuka kwa zaka 80. Mu 1581, zigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri zakumpoto zidakhazikitsa Dutch Republic (yotchedwa United Republic of the Netherlands). Mu 1648 Spain idavomereza ufulu wa Dutch. Anali mphamvu zam'madzi zanyanja m'zaka za zana la 17th. Pambuyo pa zaka za zana la 18, madera atsamunda achi Dutch adasokonekera pang'onopang'ono. Kuukira kwa France mu 1795. Mu 1806, mchimwene wake wa Napoleon adakhala mfumu, ndipo Holland adatchedwa ufumu. Kuphatikizidwa ku France mu 1810. Olekanitsidwa ndi France ku 1814 ndipo adakhazikitsa Kingdom of Netherlands chaka chotsatira (Belgium idasiyana ndi Netherlands ku 1830). Unakhala ulamuliro wachifumu ku 1848. Sanatenge nawo mbali pankhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse. Kusalowerera ndale kunalengezedwa kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Mu Meyi 1940, adagonjetsedwa ndikukhala ndi gulu lankhondo la Germany, banja lachifumu ndi boma zidasamukira ku Britain, ndipo boma lomwe linali m'ndende lidakhazikitsidwa. Nkhondo itatha, adasiya ndale ndipo adalowa nawo NATO, European Community kenako European Union.

Mbendera yadziko: Ndi yaying'ono yamakona anayi ndi kutalika kwa kutalika kwake kwa 3: 2. Kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi, imapangidwa ndikulumikiza ma rectangles atatu ofanana ndi ofanana opingasa ofiira, oyera ndi amtambo. Buluu akuwonetsa kuti dzikolo likuyang'anizana ndi nyanja ndikuwonetsa chisangalalo cha anthu; zoyera zikuyimira ufulu, kufanana, ndi demokalase, komanso zikuyimira mawonekedwe osavuta a anthu; kufiyira kuyimira kupambana kwa kusinthaku.

Netherlands ili ndi anthu 16.357 miliyoni (June 2007). Oposa 90% ndi achi Dutch, kuphatikiza Fris. Chilankhulo chachikulu ndi Chidatchi, ndipo ChiFrisian chimalankhulidwa ku Friesland. 31% yaomwe amakhulupirira Chikatolika ndipo 21% amakhulupirira Chikhristu.

Netherlands ndi dziko lotukuka lotukuka lomwe lili ndi chuma chonse cha 612.713 biliyoni ku US mu 2006, pamtengo wokwana madola 31,757 aku US. Zachilengedwe zaku Dutch ndizosauka. Makampani opanga mafakitale amapangidwa.Magawo akuluakulu opanga mafakitale akuphatikizapo kukonza chakudya, petrochemicals, zitsulo, kupanga makina, zamagetsi, zitsulo, zomangamanga, kusindikiza, kukonza ma diamondi, ndi zina zambiri. Ndikumanga, kupanga zitsulo, ndi zina zambiri. Rotterdam ndiye malo opangira mafuta kwambiri ku Europe. Netherlands ndi amodzi mwamayiko omanga zombo padziko lonse lapansi. Ulimi waku Dutch nawonso watukuka kwambiri ndipo ndi wachitatu wogulitsa kunja padziko lonse lapansi wazamalonda. A Dutch adagwiritsa ntchito malo omwe sanali oyenera kulima kuti atukule ziweto molingana ndi momwe zinthu ziliri mderalo, ndipo tsopano yafika ng'ombe imodzi ndi nkhumba imodzi pamunthu, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwamayiko otukuka kwambiri pantchito zoweta nyama. Amabzala mbatata pamchenga ndikuyamba kukonza mbatata.Pafupifupi theka la malonda apadziko lonse lapansi a mbatata amatumizidwa kuchokera pano. Maluwa ndi makampani opanga zipilala ku Netherlands. Malo osanjikiza okwanira 110 miliyoni a dzikolo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima maluwa ndi ndiwo zamasamba, chifukwa chake amasangalala ndi mbiri ya "European Garden". Netherlands imatumiza kukongola kumadera onse adziko lapansi, ndipo kutumiza maluwa kumabweretsa 40% -50% yamisika yamayiko yapadziko lonse. Ntchito zachuma zaku Dutch, makampani a inshuwaransi, komanso zokopa alendo nawonso amapangidwa kwambiri.

Anecdote-Kuti apulumuke ndikukula, achi Dutch amayesetsa momwe angatetezere dziko laling'ono loyambirira ndikupewa "kukokoloka" pomwe nyanja ndiyosefukira. Analimbana ndi nyanja kwakanthawi, kuti alandire malo kunyanja. Pofika zaka za m'ma 1300, madamu adamangidwa kuti atseke nyanjayo, kenako madzi aku cofferdam adakokedwa ndi chopangira mphepo. Kwa zaka mazana angapo zapitazi, a Dutch amanga makilomita 1,800 otchinga nyanja, ndikuwonjezera mahekitala opitilira 600,000. Masiku ano, 20% yamalo achi Dutch adabwezedwanso kuchokera kunyanja. Mawu oti "Kupirira" olembedwa pa Chizindikiro Chadziko Lonse ku Netherlands akuwonetsa moyenera mawonekedwe amtundu wa anthu achi Dutch.

Amsterdam : Amsterdam, likulu la Kingdom of the Netherlands (Amsterdam) lili pagombe lakumwera chakumadzulo kwa IJsselmeer, komwe kuli anthu 735,000 (2003). Amsterdam ndi mzinda wachilendo. Pali misewu yopitilira 160 yayikulu komanso yaying'ono mzindawu, yolumikizidwa ndi milatho yopitilira 1,000. Kuyenda mzindawo, milatho ikuluikulu komanso mitsinje ikudutsa. Kuchokera m'maso mwa mbalame, mafundewo amakhala ngati satini ndi nthonje. Mzindawu uli pamtunda wa 1-5 mita pansi pa nyanja ndipo umatchedwa "Venice ya Kumpoto".

"Dan" amatanthauza damu mu Chidatchi. Linali damu lomwe adamangidwa ndi a Dutch omwe pang'onopang'ono adakulitsa mudzi wosodza zaka 700 zapitazo kukhala mzinda wapadziko lonse lapansi womwe ulipo lero. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 16th, Amsterdam yakhala doko lofunikira komanso mzinda wamalonda, ndipo idakhala malo azachuma, malonda komanso chikhalidwe padziko lonse la 17th. Mu 1806, Netherlands idasamutsira likulu lake ku Amsterdam, koma banja lachifumu, nyumba yamalamulo, ofesi ya Prime Minister, maofesi apakati ndi akazembe adatsalira ku The Hague.

Amsterdam ndiye mzinda waukulu kwambiri wamafakitale komanso likulu lazachuma ku Netherlands, wokhala ndi mabizinesi opitilira 7,700, ndipo kupanga ma diamondi kumawerengera 80% yapadziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, Amsterdam ili ndi malo ogulitsa akale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Amsterdam ndi mzinda wotchuka komanso wazikhalidwe zaku Europe. Pali malo owonetsera zakale 40 mumzinda. National Museum ili ndi zojambula zopitilira 1 miliyoni, kuphatikiza zaluso za akatswiri monga Rembrandt, Hals ndi Vermeer, zomwe ndizodziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Municipal Museum of Modern Art ndi Van Gogh Museum ndiotchuka chifukwa chopeza zojambula zachi Dutch zopezeka m'zaka za zana la 17. "Crow's Wheat Field" ndi "Eater Potato" adamaliza masiku awiri imfa ya Van Gogh isanachitike pano.

Kuyambira m'ma 1960, Rotterdam ndiye doko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, lokhala ndi matani okwana 300 miliyoni (1973). Ndi njira yolowera kuchigwa cha Rhine. Tsopano ndi mzinda wachiwiri waukulu kwambiri ku Netherlands, malo oyendera madzi, nthaka ndi mpweya, komanso malo ofunikira azachuma komanso azachuma. Rotterdam tsopano ndi doko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lokhala ndi katundu wambiri, komanso malo ogawira katundu ku Western Europe, komanso doko lalikulu kwambiri ku Europe. Makampani akuluakulu akuphatikizapo kuyenga, kupanga zombo, petrochemicals, chitsulo, chakudya ndi makina. Rotterdam ili ndi mayunivesite, malo ofufuzira ndi malo owonetsera zakale.