Ilizwe lahlulwe langamaphondo ali-12 anoomasipala abangama-489 (2003). Amagama amaphondo ami ngolu hlobo: Groningen, Friesland, Drenthe, Overijssel, Gelderland, Utrecht, North Holland, South Holland, Zealand, North Brabant, Limburg, Frey UFran.

Phambi kwenkulungwane ye-16, yayikwimeko yokwahlulahlula ubukhosi ixesha elide. Ngaphantsi kolawulo lweSpanish ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-16. Ngo-1568, kwaqhambuka imfazwe nolawulo lweSpanish kangangeminyaka engama-80. Ngo-1581, amaphondo asixhenxe akumantla aseka iRiphabhlikhi yaseDatshi (eyaziwa njenge-United Republic yase-Netherlands). Ngo-1648 iSpain yamkela ngokusemthethweni inkululeko yaseDatshi. Yayiligunya lobukoloniyali elwandle ngenkulungwane ye-17. Emva kwenkulungwane ye-18, inkqubo yobukoloniyali yaseDatshi yawa ngokuthe ngcembe. Uhlaselo lwaseFrance ngo-1795. Ngo-1806, umzalwana kaNapoleon waba ngukumkani, kwaye uHolland wabizwa ngokuba bubukumkani. Ifakwe eFrance ngo-1810. Yahlulwe eFrance ngo-1814 kwaye yamisela uBukumkani baseNetherlands kunyaka olandelayo (iBelgium yahlukana neNetherlands ngo-1830). Kwaba bubukumkani kumgaqo-siseko ngo-1848. Ukungathathi cala kwimfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala. Ubundilele babhengezwa ekuqaleni kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi. Ngo-Meyi ka-1940, yahlaselwa ngumkhosi waseJamani, usapho lwasebukhosini kunye noRhulumente bafudukela e-United Kingdom baseka urhulumente elubhacweni. Emva kwemfazwe, wayishiya imigaqo-nkqubo yakhe yokungathathi cala kwaye wajoyina i-NATO, uMbutho waseYurophu kwaye kamva i-European Union.

Iflegi yesizwe: Yixande kunye nomyinge wobude kububanzi be-3: 2. Ukusuka phezulu kuye ezantsi, yenziwa ngokudibanisa oonxantathu abathathu abalinganayo nabalinganayo ababomvu, mhlophe nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ubonakalisa ukuba ilizwe lijongene nolwandle kwaye luphawu lokonwaba kwabantu; umhlophe ubonakalisa inkululeko, ukulingana, nedemokhrasi, kwaye ukwamele isimilo esilula sabantu; bomvu bubonisa uloyiso lwenguqulelo.

I-Netherlands inabemi abazizigidi ezili-16.357 (ngoJuni 2007). Ngaphezulu kwe-90% ngamaDatshi, ukongeza kuFris. Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni sisiDatshi, isiFrisian sona sithethwa eFriesland. Abahlali abangama-31% bakholelwa kubuKatolika kwaye ama-21% akholelwa kubuKristu.

I-Netherlands lilizwe elikhulileyo lobungxowa-nkulu elinemveliso yelizwe engama-612.713 ezigidi zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2006, ngexabiso lomntu ngamnye leedola ezingama-31,757 zaseMelika. Imithombo yendalo yaseDatshi ihlwempuzekile. Icandelo liphuhlisiwe.Amacandelo aphambili emizi-mveliso abandakanya ukuveliswa kokutya, iipetrokhemikhali, isinyithi, ukuveliswa koomatshini, izixhobo zombane, isinyithi, ukwakhiwa kweenqanawa, ushicilelo, ukuqhubekeka kwedayimani, njl. Yokwakha iinqanawa, isinyithi, njl. IRotterdam lelona ziko likhulu lokucoca ioyile eYurophu. INetherlands lelinye lawona mazwe aphambili okwakha iinqanawa emhlabeni. Ezolimo zaseDatshi zikwakhula kakhulu kwaye zingumthumeli wesithathu ngobukhulu wemveliso yezolimo kumazwe angaphandle. AmaDatshi asebenzise umhlaba owawungakulungelanga ukulima ukuphuhlisa imfuyo ngokungqinelana neemeko zalapha, kwaye ngoku ifikelele kwinkomo enye nakwihagu nganye ngomntu, iyenza ukuba ibe lelinye lawona mazwe ahambele phambili kwishishini lokufuya izilwanyana. Zikhula iitapile kubume besanti zize zivelise imveliso yeetapile Ingaphezulu kwesiqingatha sentengiso yeetapile zembewu emhlabeni ithunyelwa ngaphandle. Iintyatyambo lishishini leentsika eNetherlands. Zizonke ezili-110 lezigidi zeemitha zesikwere zokugcina izindlu kwilizwe zisetyenziselwa ukukhula kweentyatyambo kunye nemifuno, ke oko kuyonwabela igama "leGadi yaseYurophu". I-Netherlands ithumela ubuhle kuzo zonke iimbombo zehlabathi, kwaye i-akhawunti ethunyelwa ngaphandle ye-40% -50% yentengiso yeentyatyambo yamanye amazwe. Iinkonzo zezezimali zaseDatshi, ishishini leinshurensi, kunye nokhenketho nazo ziphuculwe kakhulu.

I-Anecdote-Ukuze baphile kwaye baphuhle, amaDatshi azama konke okusemandleni ukukhusela umhlaba wokuqala omncinci kwaye aphephe "ukutshatyalaliswa" xa ulwandle luphezulu. Balwa nolwandle ixesha elide, befumana umhlaba elwandle. Kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-13, kwakhiwa amadama ukuvimba ulwandle, emva koko amanzi e-cofferdam akhutshwa ngumoya ovuthuzayo. Kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo, amaDatshi akhe i-1,800 yeekhilomitha kuthintelo lolwandle, esongeza ngaphezulu kwama-600,000 eehektare zomhlaba. Namhlanje, ama-20% omhlaba waseDatshi ubuyiselwe ngendlela engeyiyo elwandle. Amagama "Ukunyamezela" aqoshwe kwiNdawo yeSizwe yeNetherlands ibonisa ngokufanelekileyo umlingiswa wesizwe wabantu baseDatshi.

Amsterdam : IAmsterdam, ikomkhulu lobukumkani baseNetherlands (iAmsterdam) ikwibhanki esemazantsi-ntshona e-IJsselmeer, enabemi abangama-735,000 (2003). IAmsterdam sisixeko esingaqhelekanga. Kukho ngaphezu kwe-160 enkulu yamanzi amancinci esixekweni, edityaniswe ngaphezulu kweebhulorho ezili-1. Ukuzula esixekweni, iibhulorho ezinqamlezileyo kunye nemilambo inqumla. Ngokujonga kwamehlo kwentaka, amaza afana ne-satin kunye neebhubhu. Umhlaba wesi sixeko ziimitha ezi-1-5 ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle kwaye ubizwa ngokuba yi "Venice yaseNtla".

"UDan" uthetha idama ngesiDatshi. Yayilidama elakhiwa ngamaDatshi athi ngokuthe ngcembe ahlakulela ilali yokuloba kwiminyaka engama-700 eyadlulayo kwisixeko esikhulu samazwe aphesheya namhlanje. Ukuphela kwenkulungwane ye-16, iAmsterdam iye yaba sisixeko esibalulekileyo nezibuko, kwaye yakha yaba liziko lezezimali, urhwebo kunye nenkcubeko kwinkulungwane ye-17. Ngo-1806, iNetherlands yafudusela ikomkhulu layo eAmsterdam, kodwa usapho lwasebukhosini, ipalamente, iofisi yenkulumbuso, abaphathiswa abaphambili kunye nozakuzo bahlala e-The Hague.

IAmsterdam sesona sixeko sikhulu soshishino kunye neziko lezoqoqosho eNetherlands, esinamashishini angaphezulu kwama-7,700, kunye nemveliso yedayimani yemveliso ye-80% yelizwe liphela. Ukongeza, iAmsterdam sesona sitokhwe sineyona indala ehlabathini.

IAmsterdam sisixeko esidumileyo saseYurophu senkcubeko kunye nobugcisa. Kukho iimyuziyam ezingama-40 esixekweni. IZiko loLondolozo lweMbali likaZwelonke linengqokelela yemisebenzi yobugcisa engaphezulu kwesigidi esinye, kubandakanya nemisebenzi yobugcisa eyenziwa ziinkosi ezinje ngeRembrandt, iHals kunye neVermeer, ezaziwa kwihlabathi liphela. IMyuziyam kaMasipala yobuGcisa bemihla ngemihla kunye neVan Gogh Museum badume ngokuqokelela kwabo ubugcisa bamaDatshi benkulungwane ye-17. I "Crow's Wheat Field" kunye "ne Potato Eater" zagqitywa kwiintsuku ezimbini phambi kokubhubha kuka Van Gogh apha.

Rotterdam : IRotterdam imi kumda oselwandle owenziwe kukuhlangana kwemilambo iRhine neMaas kunxweme olusemazantsi-ntshona eNetherlands, kwiikhilomitha ezili-18 ukusuka kuNorth Sea. Ekuqaleni yayingumhlaba ohlanguliweyo emlonyeni woMlambo iRotter. Eyasekwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-13, yayilizibuko nje elincinci kunye nendawo yokurhweba. Iqale ukukhula njengezibuko lesibini ngobukhulu kurhwebo eNetherlands ngo-1600. Ngo-1870, indlela eya ngqo kuLwandle lwaseMantla esuka kwizibuko yahlaziywa yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kwaye yaba lizibuko lehlabathi.

Ukusukela nge1960s, iRotterdam iyeyona ndawo yemithwalo inkulu emhlabeni, enomthamo ophakamileyo wempahla ngokwezigidi zeetoni ezingama-300 (1973). Isango eliya kwiRhine Valley. Ngoku sisixeko sesibini ngobukhulu eNetherlands, indawo yokuhambisa amanzi, umhlaba kunye nomoya, kunye neziko elibalulekileyo lezorhwebo nezemali. IRotterdam ngoku lelona zibuko likhulu emhlabeni kunye nokuhanjiswa kwemithwalo emikhulu, kunye neziko lokuhambisa impahla kwiNtshona Yurophu, kunye nezona zibuko likhulu likhulu eYurophu. Amashishini aphambili abandakanya ukucokisa, ukwakha iinqanawa, ii-petrochemicals, isinyithi, ukutya kunye noomatshini bokuvelisa. IRotterdam ineeyunivesithi, amaziko ophando kunye neemyuziyam.