Nyika yeNetherlands, izere zita rehumambo hweNetherlands, ine nzvimbo inokwana makiromita 41528. Iri kumadokero kweEurope, neGerman kumabvazuva neBelgium kumaodzanyemba. Inogumira kuNorth Sea kumadokero nekuchamhembe, uye iri mumuganho weRhine, Maas neSkelt nzizi, ine mahombekombe egungwa emakiromita e075. Nzizi dziri munharaunda dzakayambuka, kunyanya kusanganisira iyo Rhine neMaas. Kune IJsselmeer kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwemahombekombe. Mahombekombe ekumadokero ibani, kumabvazuva mapani ane wavy, uye pakati nepakati kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva makomo akakwirira. "Netherlands" inonzi Netherlands muchiGerman, zvinoreva kuti "nyika yepasi" .Inotumidzwa zita nekuti inopfuura hafu yenyika yaro iri pazasi kana padanho regungwa. Mamiriro ekunze eNetherlands inguva yegungwa ine hunyoro yakafara-yakasviba sango mamiriro ekunze.

Nyika yakakamurwa kuva matunhu gumi nemaviri nemakumi mana nemakumi mana nemasere (2003). Mazita ematunhu anotevera: Groningen, Friesland, Drenthe, Overijssel, Gelderland, Utrecht, North Holland, South Holland, Zealand, North Brabant, Limburg, Frey Fran.

Pamberi pezana ramakore regumi nematanhatu, yaive muchimiro chekuzviparadzanisa kwenguva yakareba. Pasi pekutonga kweSpanish pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi16. Muna 1568, hondo yekurwisa hutongi hweSpain yakatanga kwemakore makumi masere. Muna 1581, matunhu manomwe ekuchamhembe akagadza Dutch Republic (inozivikanwa zviri pamutemo seUnited Republic yeNetherlands). Muna 1648 Spain yakazivisa zviri pamutemo kuzvimirira kweDutch. Yakanga iri simba regungwa rekoloni muzana ramakore rechi17. Mushure mezana ramakore regumi nemasere, chiDutch colonial system yakapunzika zvishoma nezvishoma. Kurwiswa kweFrance muna 1795. Muna 1806, mukoma waNapoleon akazova mambo, uye Holland yakanzi umambo. Yakabatanidzwa muFrance muna 1810. Yakaparadzaniswa neFrance mu1814 ndokusimbisa Humambo hweNetherlands gore rinotevera (Belgium yakaparadzaniswa neNetherlands muna 1830). Yakava hutongi hwebumbiro mu1848. Kuchengetedza kusarerekera mukati meHondo Yenyika I. Kusatsigira zvematongerwo enyika kwakaziviswa pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika II. Muna Chivabvu 1940, yakapambwa ikatorwa nemauto eGerman, mhuri yehumambo nehurumende vakatamira kuBritain, uye hurumende yaive muutapwa yakavambwa. Mushure mehondo, akasiya mutemo wake wekusarerekera ndokujoina NATO, European Community uye gare gare European Union.

Mureza wenyika: Inoita rectangular ine chiyero chehurefu kusvika paupamhi hwe3: 2. Kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi, inoumbwa nekubatanidza matatu akaenzana uye akaenzana akaenzana akakona emakona matsvuku, machena uye ebhuruu. Bhuruu inoratidza kuti nyika yakatarisana negungwa uye inoratidzira mufaro wevanhu; chena inomiririra rusununguko, kuenzana, uye democracy, uye zvakare inomiririra hunhu hwevanhu hwakareruka; tsvuku inomiririra kukunda kwechimurenga.

Netherlands ine huwandu hwevanhu vane mamirioni 16.357 (Chikumi 2007). Vanopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe muzana vari maDutch, kuwedzera kuna Fris. Mutauro wepamutemo ndiDutch, uye Frisian inotaurwa muFriesland. 31% yevagari vanotenda muchiKaturike uye 21% vanotenda muchiKristu.

Nyika yeNetherlands yakabudirira nyika ine chigadzirwa chakakura chemunyika chinosvika 612.713 bhiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica muna 2006, iine huwandu hwemari inosvika 31,757 emadhora ekuAmerica. MaDutch zviwanikwa zviine hurombo. Iyo indasitiri inovandudzwa.Makambani makuru eindasitiri anosanganisira kugadzira chikafu, petrochemicals, simbi, kugadzira michina, zvemagetsi, simbi, kuvaka ngarava, kudhinda, kugadzira madhaimani, nezvimwe. Mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, zvakanamatira pakukosha kukuru mukusimudzirwa kwemaindasitiri epamusoro-soro senzvimbo, microelectronics, uye mainjiniya ehupenyu. Iko kuvaka kwechikepe, simbi, nezvimwe. Rotterdam ndiyo nzvimbo huru yekuchenesa mafuta muEurope. Netherlands ndiyo imwe yenyika huru dzekuvaka ngarava pasi rose. Iyo yekurima yeDutch yakagadziriswazve zvikuru uye ndiyo yechitatu pasi rose mukutengesa zvigadzirwa zvekurima. MaDutch akashandisa ivhu risingakodzere kurima kusimudzira zvipfuwo zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu emuno.Munhu wepakati pari zvino asvika mombe imwe nenguruve imwe pamunhu, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yenyika dzakabudirira kwazvo pasi rose mukuchengeta zvipfuyo. Vanorima mbatatisi pane jecha uye vanogadzira kugadzira mbatatisi Inopfuura hafu yenyika yekutengesa mbatatisi kubva kunze kwenyika. Maruva indasitiri yembiru muNetherlands. Yakazara emamirioni zana emamirimita emakamuri ekuchengetera munyika anoshandiswa kurima maruva nemiriwo, saka inonakidzwa nemukurumbira we "European Bindu". Netherlands inotumira runako kumativi ese epasi, uye maruva anotumirwa kunze kwenyika ane 40% -50% yemusika wepasi rose wemaruva. Iwo maDutch masevhisi emari, inishuwarenzi indasitiri, uye kushanya zvakare zvakagadzirwa zvakanyanya.

Anecdote-Kuti vararame nekusimudzira, maDutch anoedza napose pavanogona kuchengetedza nyika diki yekutanga uye kudzivirira "kubuda" kana gungwa riri pamusoro. Vakarwa negungwa kwenguva yakareba, vachitora ivhu kubva mugungwa. Pakutanga kwezana ramakore regumi nematatu, madamu akavakwa kuvhara gungwa, uyezve mvura iri mucofferdam yakadhonzwa nemhepo turbine. Kwemazana emakore apfuura, maDutch akavaka makiromita mazana masere ezviuru zvegungwa, achiwedzera anopfuura mahekita zviuru mazana matanhatu epasi. Nhasi, 20% yenyika yeDutch yakagadziriswa kubva kugungwa. Mazwi ekuti "Kutsungirira" akanyorwa paNational Emblem yeNetherlands anonyatsoratidza hunhu hwenyika yevaDutch vanhu.

Amsterdam : Amsterdam, guta guru rehumambo hweNetherlands (Amsterdam) iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwebhangi reIJsselmeer, ine huwandu hwevanhu 735,000 (2003). Amsterdam iguta risinganzwisisike. Kune anopfuura 160 makuru uye madiki emvura emuguta, akabatanidzwa nemabhiriji anopfuura chiuru. Inofamba-famba muguta, mabhiriji akayambuka uye nzizi dzinoyambuka. Kubva pakuona kweziso reshiri, mafungu acho akafanana nesatin uye cobwebs. Nzvimbo yeguta iri 1-5 metres pazasi pegungwa uye inonzi "iyo Venice yekuchamhembe".

"Dhani" zvinoreva dhamu muchiDutch. Raive iro dhamu rakavakwa neDutch iro zvishoma nezvishoma rakagadzira musha wehove makore 700 apfuura kupinda mune yepasi rose metropolis nhasi. Pakupera kwezana ramakore regumi nematanhatu, Amsterdam rave iro rakakosha chiteshi chengarava uye guta rekutengesa, uye rakambove muzinda wezvemari, wezvekutengeserana netsika muzana ramakore rechi17. Muna 1806, Netherlands yakaendesa guta rayo kuAmsterdam, asi mhuri yehumambo, paramende, hofisi yemutungamiri wehurumende, mahofisi epakati uye mamishinari akasara muThe Hague.

Amsterdam ndiro guta guru remaindasitiri uye nzvimbo yehupfumi muNetherlands, iine mabhizimusi anopfuura mazana manomwe nemazana manomwe emaindasitiri, uye maindasitiri ekugadzira madhaimani ma80% ehuwandu hwepasi rose. Uye zvakare, Amsterdam ine yekare sisitimu yekutsinhana pasi rose.

Amsterdam iri zvakare guta rakakurumbira reEuropean yetsika neunyanzvi. Kune mamuseum makumi mana muguta. Iyo National Museum ine muunganidzwa weanopfuura mamirioni emabasa ehunyanzvi, kusanganisira hunyanzvi nemasters akadai saRembrandt, Hals neVermeer, ayo anozivikanwa pasi rese. The Museum of Modern Art neVan Gogh Museum vane mukurumbira nekutora kwavo kweDutch-zana ramakore rechi 17. Iyo "Crow's Gorosi Munda" uye "Mudyi weMbatatisi" yakapera mazuva maviri kufa kwaVan Gogh kuchiratidzwa pano.

Rotterdam : Rotterdam iri pamuganhu wakaumbwa nehukama hwenzizi dzeRhine neMaas kumahombekombe ekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweNetherlands, makiromita gumi nemasere kubva kuNorth Sea. Pakutanga yaive nyika yakadzoserwa pamuromo weRotter River. Yakavambwa pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi13, raingova chete chiteshi chengarava uye nzvimbo yekutengesera. Yakatanga kukura kuva yechipiri pakukura chiteshi chengarava muNetherlands muna 1600. Muna 1870, iyo nzira yemvura inoenda yakananga kuNorth Sea kubva pachiteshi yakagadziridzwa ikagadziriswa nekukurumidza uye ikava chiteshi chepasirese.

Kubva kuma1960s, Rotterdam rave iro hombe repasi rinotakura zvinhu, riine huwandu hwepamusoro hwevatakuri hwevane matani emamirioni mazana matatu (1973). Ndiwo mukova weRhine Valley. Iri rave iro guta rechipiri pakukura muNetherlands, nzvimbo yekufambisa yemvura, ivhu nemhepo, uye yakakosha nzvimbo yekutengesa neyemari. Rotterdam parizvino chiteshi chakakura kwazvo chepasirese chine chikuru kutakura zvinhu, pamwe nenzvimbo yekugovera zvinhu muWestern Europe, uye chiteshi chikuru chemidziyo muEurope. Iwo makuru maindasitiri anosanganisira kunatsa, kuvaka chikepe, petrochemicals, simbi, chikafu uye michina kugadzira. Rotterdam ine mayunivhesiti, ekutsvagisa masangano uye mamuseum.