Uzbekistan, the full name of the Republic of Uzbekistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. It borders the Aral Sea in the northwest and borders Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. The total area is 447,400 square kilometers. The terrain is high in the east and low in the west. Plain lowlands account for 80% of the total area, most of which are located in the Kyzylkum Desert in the northwest. The east and the south belong to the western edge of the Tianshan Mountains and the Gisar-Alai Mountains, with the famous Fergana Basin and Zelafshan Basin. There are fertile valleys with extremely rich natural resources in the territory. The main rivers are the Amu Darya, Syr Darya and Zelafshan. It has a severely dry continental climate. The average temperature in July is 26～32℃, and the daytime temperature in the south is often as high as 40℃; the average temperature in January is -6～-3℃, and the absolute minimum temperature in the north is -38℃. The average annual rainfall is 80-200 mm in plains and lowlands and 1,000 mm in mountainous areas, most of which are concentrated in winter and spring. Uzbekistan is a famous ancient country on the "Silk Road" and has a long history of ties with China through the "Silk Road".

The whole country is divided into 1 autonomous republic (Autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan), 1 municipality (Tashkent) and 12 states: Andijan, Bukhara, Jizak, Kashka Daria, Navoi, Namangan, Samarkand, Surhan, Syr Darya, Tashkent, Fergana, and Kharzmo.

The Uzbek tribe formed in the 11th-12th century AD. The 13th-15th century was ruled by the Mongol Tatar Timur dynasty. In the 15th century, the Uzbek state under the command of King Shybani was established. In the 1860s and 70s, part of Uzbekistan's territory was merged into Russia. The Soviet power was established in November 1917, and the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic was established on October 27, 1924 and joined the Soviet Union. Independence was declared on August 31, 1991, and the country was renamed the Republic of Uzbekistan.

National flag: It is a horizontal rectangle with a ratio of length to width of 2:1. From top to bottom, there are three parallel broad bands of light blue, white, and light green, and there are two thin red stripes between white and light blue and light green broad bands. On the left side of the light blue band, there is a white crescent moon and 12 white five-pointed stars. Uzbekistan became a republic of the former Soviet Union in 1924. Since 1952, the national flag adopted is similar to that of the former Soviet Union, except that there is a wide blue strip in the middle of the flag and a narrow white strip on the top and bottom. Uzbekistan’s National Independence Law was passed on August 31, 1991, and the above-mentioned national flag was used on October 11.

Uzbekistan is the most populous country in Central Asia. It has a population of 26.1 million (December 2004). Including 134 ethnic groups, Uzbeks accounted for 78.8%, Russians accounted for 4.4%, Tajiks accounted for 4.9%, Kazakhs accounted for 3.9%, Tatars accounted for 1.1%, Karakalpak accounted for 2.2%, Kyrgyz accounted for 1%, The Korean ethnic group accounted for 0.7%. Other ethnic groups include Ukrainian, Turkmen and Belarusian ethnic groups. Most of the residents believe in Islam and are Sunni. The official language is Uzbek (a Turkic language family of the Altaic family), and Russian is the lingua franca. The main religion is Islam, which is Sunni, and the second is Eastern Orthodox.

Uzbekistan is rich in natural resources, and the pillar industries of the national economy are the "four golds": gold, "platinum" (cotton), "wujin" (oil), and "blue gold" (natural gas). However, the economic structure is single and the processing industry is relatively backward. Uzbekistan's gold reserves rank fourth in the world, with abundant water resources and a forest coverage rate of 12%. Machinery manufacturing, non-ferrous metals, ferrous metals, textile and silk industries are relatively developed.

The climate zone where it is located is conducive to the extensive development of agricultural economy. The characteristic of agriculture is the developed water infrastructure for irrigated agriculture. The main agricultural industry is cotton planting, and sericulture, animal husbandry, and vegetable and fruit planting also occupy an important position. The annual cotton output accounts for two-thirds of the cotton output of the former Soviet Union, ranking fourth in the world, and is known as the "Platinum Country". The animal husbandry industry is relatively developed, mainly raising sheep, and sericulture is also relatively developed. Uzbekistan is a region passed by the ancient "Silk Road". There are more than 4,000 natural and cultural landscapes throughout the country, mainly in cities such as Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva.

Tashkent: Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, is the largest city in Central Asia and an important economic and cultural center. It is located in the east of Uzbekistan, west of the Chatkal Mountains, in the center of the oasis of the Chirchik valley, a tributary of the Syr River, at an altitude of 440-480 meters. The population is 2,135,700 (December 2004), 80% of which are Russians and Uzbeks. Minorities include Tatar, Jews and Ukraine. This ancient city was an important center and transportation hub for the east-west trade in ancient times, and the famous "Silk Road" passed here. In ancient my country, Zhang Qian, Fa Xian and Xuanzang all left their footprints.

Tashkent means "Stone City" in Uzbek. It is named after it is located in the alluvial fan area of ​​the foothills and has huge pebbles. This is an ancient city with a long history. The city was built as early as the second century BC. It was famous for its commerce and handicrafts in the sixth century, and it became the only place to pass through the ancient Silk Road. First seen in historical records in the 11th century AD. It became a walled city in 1865, with a population of about 70,000 at the time. It was the main center of trade with Russia and later merged into the Russian Empire. In 1867 it became the administrative center of the Autonomous Republic of Turkestan. It became the capital of the Republic of Uzbekistan (one of the republics of the Soviet Union) since 1930 and became the capital of the independent Republic of Uzbekistan on August 31, 1991.