Uzbekistan, izita rakazara reRepublic of Uzbekistan, inyika yakakomberedzwa neCentral Asia.Iyo inoganhurana neGungwa reAral kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero uye inopfuura Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan neAfghanistan. Iyo yakazara nzvimbo iri 447,400 mativi emakiromita. Nzvimbo yacho yakakwira kumabvazuva uye yakadzika kumadokero. Plain lowlands account ye80% yenzvimbo yakazara, mazhinji acho ari muKyzylkum Desert kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero. Kumabvazuva nekumaodzanyemba ndezve kumucheto kumadokero kweTianshan Mountains uye Gisar-Alai Mountains, ine inozivikanwa Fergana Basin uye Zelafshan Basin. Kune mipata yakaorera ine zviwanikwa zvakapfuma kwazvo munharaunda. Nzizi huru ndiAmu Darya, Syr Darya uye Zelafshan. Iyo ine yakaoma yakaoma yakaoma kondinendi. Ivhareji tembiricha muna Chikunguru ndeye 26 ～ 32 ℃, uye tembiricha yemasikati kumaodzanyemba inowanzo kuve yakakwira se40 ℃; iyo tembiricha yepakati muna Ndira -6 ～ -3 ℃, uye iwo iwo chaiwo iwoyo tembiricha kuchamhembe ndi -38 ℃. Ivhareji yekunaya kwegore negore ndeye 80-200 mm mumapani uye munzvimbo dzakadzika, uye chiuru che1 mm munzvimbo dzemakomo, mazhinji acho akaunganidzwa munguva yechando uye muchirimo. Uzbekistan inyika inozivikanwa yekare pa "Silk Road" uye ine nhoroondo refu neChina kuburikidza ne "Silk Road".

Nyika yese yakakamurwa kuita 1 suneral republic (Autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan), 1 Municipality (Tashkent) uye 12 states: Andijan, Bukhara, Jizak, Kashka Daria, Navoi, Namangan, Samarkand, Surhan, Syr Darya, Tashkent, Fergana, uye Kharzmo.

Dzinza reUzbek rakaumbwa muzana ramakore regumi nembiri-rechi12 AD. I13th-15th century yaitongwa neMongol Tatar Timur imba. Muzana ramakore rechigumi nemashanu, nyika yeUzbek pasi pekuraira kwaMambo Shybani yakavambwa. Muma 1860s nema 70s, chikamu chenharaunda yeUzbekistan chakabatanidzwa kuRussia. Simba reSoviet rakavambwa munaNovember 1917, uye Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic yakavambwa muna Gumiguru 27, 1924 ikabatana neSoviet Union. Kuzvitonga kwakaziviswa muna Nyamavhuvhu 31, 1991, uye nyika yakapihwa zita rekuti Republic of Uzbekistan.

Mureza wenyika: Iyo yakatenderera yakatenderera ine chiyero chehurefu kusvika paupamhi hwe2: 1. Kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi, kune matatu akapamhama mabhendi akapamhama eruvara rwebhuruu, chena, uye girini yakareruka, uye kune mitsara miviri mitete mitsvuku pakati pemuchena nechena rebhuruu uye akareruka mabhendi akajeka. Kurutivi rweruboshwe rweyera bhuruu bhendi, kune chena crescent mwedzi uye gumi chena nyeredzi-dzakatarwa nyeredzi. Uzbekistan yakava republic yeyaimbova Soviet Union muna 1924. Kubva 1952, mureza wenyika wakatorwa wakafanana neyaimbove Soviet Union, kunze kwekunge paine mutsetse webhuruu wakafara pakati pemureza uye mutsetse mutete wakachena pamusoro nepazasi. Mutemo weNational Independence weUzbekistan wakadzikwa musi waAugust 31, 1991, uye mureza wenyika wataurwa pamusoro wakashandiswa musi waGumiguru 11.

Uzbekistan ndiyo nyika ine vanhu vazhinji muCentral Asia. Iine huwandu hwemamiriyoni e26.1 (Zvita 2004). Kusanganisira mapoka emadzinza 134, maUzbeks akange aine 78.8%, maRussia akazoita 4.4%, maTajik akazoita 4.9%, maKazakh akazoita 3.9%, maTatar akaita 1,1%, Karakalpak akaita 2,2%, Kyrgyz akaita 1%, Rudzi rweKorea rwakaita 0.7%. Mamwe mapoka emadzinza anosanganisira maUkraine, maTurkmen nemaBelarusian madzinza. Vazhinji vevagari vanotenda muIslam uye maSunni. Mutauro wepamutemo chiUzbek (mhuri yechiTurkic yemhuri yeAltaic), uye chiRussia ndiyo lingua franca. Chitendero chikuru chiIslam, chinova chiSunni, uye chechipiri chiri kuEastern Orthodox.

Uzbekistan yakafuma zviwanikwa, uye mbiru maindasitiri ehupfumi hwenyika ndiwo "mana goridhe": goridhe, "platinamu" (donje), "wujin" (mafuta), uye "bhuruu goridhe" (gasi rechisikigo). Nekudaro, iyo mamiriro ehupfumi haana kuroora uye indasitiri yekugadzirisa iri kumashure zvishoma. Uzbekistan goridhe rinochengeterwa chinzvimbo chechina pasi, iine yakawanda mvura zviwanikwa uye nesango kufukidza chiyero che12%. Michina yekugadzira, isina-ferrous simbi, simbi dzinosimbi, machira uye silika maindasitiri akagadzirwa.

Nzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze painowanikwa inoita kuti ivhu rezvekurima riwedzere kukura. Hunhu hwekurima ivhu rakagadziriswa remvura yekurima. Iyo huru indasitiri yekurima ndeyekusima donje, uye kurima, kurima zvipfuyo, uye kudyara kwemiriwo nemichero zvinotora chinzvimbo chakakosha. Mari yegore rose yekotoni inoburitsa zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvekotoni yakabuda muyaimbova Soviet Union, iri pachinzvimbo chechina pasi rose, uye inozivikanwa se "Platinum Nyika". Iyo indasitiri yekuchengetwa kwemhuka yakagadziriswa, kunyanya kusimudza hwai, uye sericulture zvakare yakagadziriswa. Uzbekistan inharaunda yakapfuudzwa neiyo yekare "Silk Road" .Pane zvinopfuura zviuru zvina nemasikirwo enzvimbo nemagariro munyika, kunyanya mumaguta akaita seTashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara neKhiva.

Tashkent: Tashkent, guta guru reUzbekistan, ndiro guta hombe muCentral Asia uye yakakosha hupfumi uye tsika tsika. Iri kumabvazuva kweUzbekistan, kumadokero kweMakomo eChatkal, iri pakati penzvimbo yemupata weChirchik, inoyerera nerwizi rweSyr, pakakwirira kwemamita 440-480. Huwandu hwevanhu i2135 700 (Zvita 2004), makumi masere muzana maRussia nemaUzbeks.Vashoma vanosanganisira chiTatar, maJuda neUkraine. Iri guta rekare raive nzvimbo yakakosha uye nzvimbo yekufambisa yekutengeserana kwekumabvazuva-kumadokero munguva dzekare, uye yakakurumbira "Silk Road" yakapfuura pano. MuChina yekare, Zhang Qian, Fa Xian naXuanzang vese vakasiya tsoka dzavo.

Tashkent zvinoreva "Guta reMatombo" muUzbek. Inotumidzwa zita rayo iri munzvimbo yevanoda fan yezvikomo uye ine hurungudo huru. Iri ndiro guta rekare rine nhoroondo refu.Guta rakavakwa kutanga senge muzana ramakore rechipiri BC.Raive rakakurumbira nekutengeserana kwaro uye mabasa emaoko muzana ramakore rechitanhatu, uye yakave ndiyo chete nzvimbo yekupfuura nemunaSilika wekare. Kutanga kuonekwa muzvinyorwa zvezvakaitika muzana ramakore regumi nerimwe AD. Yakava guta rakakomberedzwa nemasvingo muna 1865, riine vanhu vanosvika 70 000 panguva iyoyo.Ndiro raive nzvimbo huru yekutengeserana neRussia uye yakazobatanidzwa muhumambo hweRussia. Muna 1867 yakava muzinda wehutongi hwe Autonomous Republic yeTurkestan. Yakava guta guru reRepublic of Uzbekistan (imwe yedzimwe nyika dzeSoviet Union) kubvira 1930, uye rakava guta guru reRepublic rakazvimirira reUzbekistan muna Nyamavhuvhu 31, 1991.