Uzubekisitani Amakuru Yibanze
Igihe cyaho | Igihe cyawe |
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Umwanya wigihe | Itandukaniro ryigihe |
UTC/GMT +5 isaha |
ubunini / uburebure |
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41°22'46"N / 64°33'52"E |
kodegisi |
UZ / UZB |
ifaranga |
Som (UZS) |
Ururimi |
Uzbek (official) 74.3% Russian 14.2% Tajik 4.4% other 7.1% |
amashanyarazi |
Andika c Abanyaburayi 2-pin Andika plug plug ya Australiya |
ibendera ry'igihugu |
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umurwa mukuru |
Tashkent |
urutonde rwa banki |
Uzubekisitani urutonde rwa banki |
abaturage |
27,865,738 |
akarere |
447,400 KM2 |
GDP (USD) |
55,180,000,000 |
telefone |
1,963,000 |
Terefone ngendanwa |
20,274,000 |
Umubare wabakoresha interineti |
56,075 |
Umubare w'abakoresha interineti |
4,689,000 |
Uzubekisitani Intangiriro
Uzubekisitani ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Aziya yo hagati.Buhana imbibi n'inyanja ya Aral mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba kandi gihana imbibi na Qazaqistan, Kirigizisitani, Tajikistan, Turukimenisitani na Afuganisitani, gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 447.400. Ubutaka bw'ubutaka bwose ni burebure mu burasirazuba no hasi mu burengerazuba.Ibibaya byo hasi bifata 80% by'ubuso bwose, ibyinshi bikaba biherereye mu butayu bwa Kizilkum mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba. Ikibaya kizwi cyane cya Fergana n'ikibaya cya Zelafshan. Hariho ibibaya birumbuka bifite umutungo kamere ukungahaye cyane kubutaka. Uzubekisitani, izina ryuzuye rya Repubulika ya Uzubekisitani, ni igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Aziya yo hagati. Irahuza inyanja ya Aral mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba kandi ihana imbibi na Qazaqistan, Kirigizisitani, Tajigistan, Turukimenisitani na Afuganisitani. Ubuso bwose ni kilometero kare 447.400. Ubutaka buri hejuru muburasirazuba na buke muburengerazuba. Ibibaya byo mu kibaya bingana na 80% by'ubuso bwose, ibyinshi bikaba biherereye mu butayu bwa Kyzylkum mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba. Iburasirazuba n'amajyepfo ni iy'iburengerazuba bw'imisozi ya Tianshan n'imisozi ya Gisar-Alai, hamwe n'ikibaya kizwi cyane cya Fergana n'ikibaya cya Zelafshan. Hariho ibibaya birumbuka bifite umutungo kamere ukungahaye cyane kubutaka. Inzuzi nyamukuru ni Amu Darya, Syr Darya na Zelafshan. Ifite ikirere cyumutse cyane. Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe muri Nyakanga ni 26 ~ 32 ℃, naho ubushyuhe bwo ku manywa mu majyepfo bukaba buri hejuru ya 40 ℃; ubushyuhe bwo hagati muri Mutarama ni -6 ~ -3 and, n'ubushyuhe ntarengwa mu majyaruguru ni -38 ℃. Ikigereranyo cy'imvura ngarukamwaka ni mm 80-200 mu bibaya no mu bibaya, na mm 1.000 mu misozi, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'itumba n'itumba. Uzubekisitani ni igihugu kizwi cyane ku muhanda wa "Silk Road" kandi gifite amateka maremare n'Ubushinwa binyuze muri "Umuhanda wa Silk". Igihugu cyose kigabanyijemo repubulika 1 yigenga (Repubulika yigenga ya Karakalpakstan), komine 1 (Tashkent) na leta 12: Andijan, Bukhara, Jizak, Kashka Daria, Navoi, Namangan, Samarkand, Surhan, Syr Darya, Tashkent, Fergana, na Kharzmo. Ubwoko bwa Uzubekisitani bwashinzwe mu kinyejana cya 11 na 12 nyuma ya Yesu. Ikinyejana cya 13-15 cyategekwaga n'ingoma ya Tatar Timur Timur. Mu kinyejana cya 15, hashyizweho leta ya Uzubekisitani iyobowe n'Umwami Shybani. Mu myaka ya 1860 na 70, igice cy'ubutaka bwa Uzubekisitani cyahujwe n'Uburusiya. Ubutegetsi bw'Abasoviyeti bwashinzwe mu Gushyingo 1917, naho Repubulika y'Abasoviyeti y'Abasoviyeti yashinzwe ku ya 27 Ukwakira 1924 maze yinjira muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti. Ubwigenge bwatangajwe ku ya 31 Kanama 1991, maze igihugu gihinduka Repubulika ya Uzubekisitani. Ibendera ryigihugu: Ni urukiramende rutambitse rufite igipimo cy'uburebure n'ubugari bwa 2: 1. Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi, hari imirongo itatu ibangikanye yagutse yubururu bwerurutse, ubururu, nicyatsi kibisi, kandi hariho imirongo ibiri itukura itukura hagati yumweru nubururu bwerurutse nubururu bwerurutse. Kuruhande rwibumoso rwumucyo wubururu bwerurutse, hari ukwezi kwera kwera hamwe ninyenyeri 12 zera zitanu. Uzubekisitani yabaye repubulika y’icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti mu 1924. Kuva mu 1952, ibendera ry'igihugu ryemejwe risa n'iry'icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, usibye ko hagati y'ibendera hari umurongo mugari w'ubururu hagati y'ibendera n'umutwe muto wera hejuru no hepfo. Itegeko ry’ubwigenge bw’igihugu cya Uzubekisitani ryatowe ku ya 31 Kanama 1991, kandi ibendera ry’igihugu ryavuzwe haruguru ryakoreshejwe ku ya 11 Ukwakira. Uzubekisitani nicyo gihugu gituwe cyane muri Aziya yo hagati. Ifite abaturage miliyoni 26.1 (Ukuboza 2004). Harimo amoko 134, Abanya Uzubekisitani bangana na 78.8%, Abarusiya bangana na 4.4%, Abatijigani bangana na 4.9%, Abanyatakisitani bangana na 3.9%, Abatatari bangana na 1.1%, Abakarakali bangana na 2,2%, Abanyakirigani bangana na 1%, Ubwoko bw'Abanyakoreya bwagize 0.7%. Andi moko arimo ubwoko bwa Ukraine, Turukimenisitani na Biyelorusiya. Abenshi mu baturage bemera Islam kandi ni Abasuni. Ururimi rwemewe ni Uzubekisitani (umuryango w’ururimi rwa Turukiya wo mu muryango wa Altaic), naho Ikirusiya ni lingua franca. Idini nyamukuru ni Islamu, ariryo Sunni, naho irya kabiri ni orotodogisi y'Iburasirazuba. Uzubekisitani ikungahaye ku mutungo kamere, kandi inganda z’inkingi z’ubukungu bw’igihugu ni "zahabu enye": zahabu, "platine" (ipamba), "wujin" (amavuta), na "zahabu y'ubururu" (gaze gasanzwe). Nyamara, imiterere yubukungu ni imwe kandi inganda zitunganya zirasa inyuma. Ububiko bwa zahabu muri Uzubekisitani buza ku mwanya wa kane ku isi, bufite amazi menshi n’amashyamba angana na 12%. Gukora imashini, ibyuma bidafite fer, ibyuma bya fer, inganda zidoda nubudozi byateye imbere. Agace k’ikirere gafasha iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’ubuhinzi. Ikiranga ubuhinzi n’ibikorwa remezo byo kubungabunga amazi byateye imbere mu buhinzi bwuhira. Inganda zinkingi zubuhinzi nuguhinga ipamba, ubuhinzi, ubworozi, imboga nimbuto nabyo bifite umwanya wingenzi. Umusaruro w’ipamba ngarukamwaka uba bibiri bya gatatu by’umusaruro w’ipamba wahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, uza ku mwanya wa kane ku isi, kandi uzwi ku izina rya "Igihugu cya Platinum". Inganda z’ubworozi zateye imbere cyane, korora intama, kandi ubuhinzi nabwo bwateye imbere. Uzubekisitani ni akarere kanyuze ku muhanda wa kera wa "Silk Road" .Mu gihugu hose hari ahantu nyaburanga harenga 4000, cyane cyane mu mijyi nka Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara na Khiva. Tashkent: Tashkent, umurwa mukuru wa Uzubekisitani, niwo mujyi munini muri Aziya yo hagati ndetse n’ikigo gikomeye cy’ubukungu n’umuco. Iherereye mu burasirazuba bwa Uzubekisitani, mu burengerazuba bw'imisozi ya Chatkal, rwagati muri oasisi yo mu kibaya cya Chirchik, uruzi rw'umugezi wa Syr, ku butumburuke bwa metero 440-480. Abaturage ni 2,135.700 (Ukuboza 2004), 80% muri bo ni Abarusiya na Uzubekisitani.Abantu bake barimo Abatatari, Abayahudi na Ukraine. Uyu mujyi wa kera wari ikigo gikomeye n’ahantu ho gutwara abantu mu bucuruzi bw’iburasirazuba n’iburengerazuba mu bihe bya kera, kandi "Umuhanda wa Silk" uzwi cyane wanyuze hano. Mu Bushinwa bwa kera, Zhang Qian, Fa Xian na Xuanzang bose basize ibirenge byabo. Tashkent bisobanura "Umujyi wa Kibuye" muri Uzubekisitani. Yiswe izina riherereye mu gace ka alluvial fan agace k'imisozi kandi gafite amabuye manini. Uyu ni umujyi wa kera ufite amateka maremare.Umujyi wubatswe mu kinyejana cya kabiri mbere ya Yesu. Wari uzwi cyane mu bucuruzi n’ubukorikori mu kinyejana cya gatandatu, kandi wabaye ahantu honyine wanyuraga mu muhanda wa kera wa Silk. Bwa mbere byagaragaye mu mateka mu kinyejana cya 11 nyuma ya Yesu. Yabaye umujyi ukikijwe n'inkike mu 1865, utuwe n'abaturage bagera ku 70.000 icyo gihe.Niwo wari ikigo nyamukuru cy'ubucuruzi n'Uburusiya nyuma kijya mu bwami bw'Uburusiya. Mu 1867 yabaye ikigo cyubutegetsi bwa Repubulika yigenga ya Turukiya. Yabaye umurwa mukuru wa Repubulika ya Uzubekisitani (imwe muri repubulika y’Abasoviyeti) kuva mu 1930, ihinduka umurwa mukuru wa Repubulika yigenga ya Uzubekisitani ku ya 31 Kanama 1991. |