Uzbhekistan Ulwazi olusisiseko
| Ixesha lendawo | Ixesha lakho |
|---|---|
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|
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| Indawo yexesha lendawo | Umahluko wendawo yexesha |
| UTC/GMT +5 yure |
| ububanzi / ubude |
|---|
| 41°22'46"N / 64°33'52"E |
| ikhowudi ye-iso |
| UZ / UZB |
| imali |
| Som (UZS) |
| Ulwimi |
| Uzbek (official) 74.3% Russian 14.2% Tajik 4.4% other 7.1% |
| umbane |
 Uhlobo c lwaseYurophu 2-pin Chwetheza plug iplagi yase-Australia |
| iflegi yesizwe |
|---|
 |
| ikomkhulu |
| I-Tashkent |
| Uluhlu lweebhanki |
| Uzbhekistan Uluhlu lweebhanki |
| Inani labemi |
| 27,865,738 |
| indawo |
| 447,400 KM2 |
| GDP (USD) |
| 55,180,000,000 |
| ifowuni |
| 1,963,000 |
| Imfonomfono |
| 20,274,000 |
| Inani lemikhosi ye-Intanethi |
| 56,075 |
| Inani labasebenzisi be-Intanethi |
| 4,689,000 |
Uzbhekistan intshayelelo
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I-Uzbekistan lilizwe elivale umhlaba kwaye likumbindi we-Asia eseMbindini.Imida yoLwandle iAral kumantla ntshona kunye nemida yeKazakhstan, iKyrgyzstan, iTajikistan, iTurkmenistan kunye neAfghanistan, inendawo epheleleyo eyi-447,400 yeekhilomitha. Umhlaba wommandla wonke uphezulu empuma kwaye uphantsi entshona.Iithafa ezisezantsi zivelisa i-80% yendawo yonke.Iinkoliso zazo zibekwe kwintlango yaseKizilkum emantla ntshona. I-Fergana Basin eyaziwayo kunye neZerafshan Basin. Kukho iintlambo ezichumileyo ezinobutyebi bendalo obutyebileyo kule ndawo. I-Uzbekistan, igama elipheleleyo leRiphabhlikhi yase-Uzbekistan, lilizwe elingavaliyo kuMbindi weAsia.Ingqamana noLwandle iAral kumantla ntshona kunye nemida yeKazakhstan, iKyrgyzstan, iTajikistan, iTurkmenistan neAfghanistan. Indawo iyonke ziikhilomitha zesikwere ezingama-447,400. Indawo iphakamileyo empuma kwaye isezantsi entshona. Ithafa eliphantsi le-Plain libala i-80% yendawo yonke, uninzi lwayo lukwiNtlango yaseKyzylkum emantla ntshona. Impuma kunye nomazantsi asecaleni lomda osentshona weentaba zeTianshan kunye neeGisar-Alai Mountains, kunye neFergana Basin eyaziwayo kunye neZelafshan Basin. Kukho iintlambo ezichumileyo ezinobutyebi bendalo obutyebileyo kule ndawo. Eyona milambo iphambili yiAmu Darya, Syr Darya kunye neZelafshan. Inemozulu eyomileyo yelizwekazi. Iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi ngoJulayi ngama-26 ukuya kuma-32 ℃, kwaye iqondo lobushushu lasemini emazantsi lihlala liphakame kangange-40 ℃; iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi ngoJanuwari ngu - 6 ～ -3 ℃, kwaye elonaqondo lobushushu lisemantla ngu -38 ℃. Umyinge wemvula yonyaka yi-80-200 mm emathafeni nakwiindawo eziphantsi, kunye ne-1,000 mm kwiindawo zeentaba, uninzi lwazo lujolise ebusika nasentwasahlobo. I-Uzbekistan lilizwe elidumileyo lasendulo kwi "Silk Road" kwaye inembali ende ne China nge "Silk Road". Ilizwe lonke lahlulwe laba yiRiphabliki ezizimeleyo eyi-1 (iRiphabhlikhi ye-Autonomous yaseKarakalpakstan), umasipala om-1 (iTashkent) kunye ne-12 ithi: Andijan, Bukhara, Jizak, Kashka UDaria, uNavoi, uNamangan, uSamarkand, uSurhan, uSyr Darya, uTashkent, uFergana noKharzmo. Isizwe sase-Uzbek senziwe kwinkulungwane ye-11th-12th AD. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-13 ukuya kweye-15, yayilawulwa yiMongol Tatar Timur. Ngenkulungwane ye-15, ilizwe lase-Uzbek phantsi komyalelo kaKumkani uShybani lasekwa. Kwiminyaka ye-1860 kunye neye-70s, inxenye yommandla weUzbekistan wadityaniswa waya eRashiya. Amandla eSoviet amiselwa ngo-Novemba ngo-1917, kwaye i-Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic yasekwa ngo-Okthobha 27, 1924 kwaye yajoyina iSoviet Union. Inkululeko yabhengezwa ngo-Agasti 31, 1991, kwaye ilizwe labizwa ngokuba yiRiphabhlikhi yase-Uzbekistan. Iflegi yesizwe: Ngxande ethe tyaba enomlinganiso wobude kububanzi be-2: 1. Ukusuka phezulu kuye ezantsi, kukho amaqela amathathu ahambelana ngokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omhlophe, kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza, kwaye kukho imigca emibini ebomvu ebhityileyo phakathi kwebala elimhlophe nelikhanyayo ngokuluhlaza kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza. Kwicala lasekhohlo leqela eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kukho inyanga emhlophe ecrescent kunye neenkwenkwezi ezimhlophe ezi-12 ezimhlophe. I-Uzbekistan yaba yiriphabliki yelizwe elalisakuba yiSoviet Union ngo-1924. Ukusukela ngo-1952, iflegi yesizwe eyamkelwayo iyafana naleyo yayisakuba yiSoviet Union, ngaphandle nje kokuba kukho umcu obanzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phakathi kwiflegi kunye nomcu omhlophe omxinwa phezulu nasezantsi. Umthetho weNkululeko kaZwelonke wase-Uzbekistan wapasiswa ngo-Agasti 31, 1991, kwaye iflegi yesizwe ekhankanywe ngasentla yayisetyenziswa ngo-Oktobha 11. I-Uzbekistan lelona lizwe linabantu abaninzi kwi-Asia eseMbindini. Inabemi abazizigidi ezingama-26.1 (ngoDisemba ka-2004). Ukubandakanya amaqela obuhlanga ali-134, ama-Uzbeks enza i-78.8%, amaRashiya enza i-4.4%, ii-Tajiks zenza i-4.9%, ii-Kazakh zaba yi-3.9%, iiTatar zenza i-1.1%, i-Karakalpak yona i-2.2%, i-Kyrgyz i-1%, Iqela lesizwe laseKorea lali-0.7%. Amanye amaqela obuhlanga aquka amaUkraine, amaTurkmen kunye namaBelarusian. Uninzi lwabahlali luyakholelwa kwi-Islam kwaye ngamaSunni. Olona lwimi lusemthethweni yiUzbek (usapho oluthetha ulwimi lwaseTurkic kusapho lwamaAltaic), kwaye isiRashiya lulwimi olusetyenziswayo. Inkolo ephambili ye-Islam, eyi-Sunni, kwaye yesibini i-Orthodox yaseMpuma. I-Uzbekistan ityebile kubutyebi bendalo, kwaye iintsika zeshishini kuqoqosho lwesizwe zi "ezine zegolide": igolide, "iplatinam" (umqhaphu), "wujin" (ioyile), kunye "negolide eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" (igesi yendalo). Nangona kunjalo, ulwakhiwo lwezoqoqosho alutshatanga kwaye umzi mveliso wokuqhubekeka ubuyile umva. Igolide yase-Uzbekistan ibambe indawo yesine emhlabeni, inamanzi amaninzi kunye nenqanaba lokugubungela ihlathi le-12%. Ukuveliswa koomatshini, isinyithi esingenantsimbi, isinyithi esenziwe ngesinyithi, amalaphu elukiweyo kunye nesilika ziphuhlisiwe. Indawo yemozulu ilulutho kuphuhliso olubanzi loqoqosho lwezolimo, uphawu lwezolimo luphuhliso lwamanzi olondolozo lwezolimo. Umzi mveliso ophambili wezolimo kukutyala ikotoni, kwaye ukulima amasimi, ukufuya izilwanyana, kunye nokutyala imifuno kunye neziqhamo nako kuhlala kwindawo ebalulekileyo. Iziphumo zekotoni zonyaka ezibini kwisithathu semveliso yekotoni yelizwe elalisakuba yiSoviet Union, zikwindawo yesine emhlabeni, kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yi "Platinum Country". Umzi mveliso wokukhulisa izilwanyana uphuhlisiwe ngokwentelekiso, ngakumbi ukufuya iigusha, kwaye nomzi mveliso wokulima izilwanyana nawo uphuhlisiwe noko. I-Uzbekistan ngummandla odluliswe yi "Silk Road" yakudala. Kukho ngaphezu kwe 4,000 yendalo nenkcubeko yelizwe lonke, ikakhulu kwizixeko ezinje nge Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara nase Khiva. I-Tashkent: I-Tashkent, ikomkhulu lase-Uzbekistan, sesona sixeko sikhulu e-Asia esembindini kunye neziko elibalulekileyo lezoqoqosho nenkcubeko. Ime kwimpuma ye-Uzbekistan, kwintshona yeeNtaba zeChatkal, embindini we-oasis ye-Chirchik Valley, umlambo we-Syr River, kubude obuziimitha ezingama-440-480. Inani labantu li-2,135,700 (ngoDisemba ka-2004), ama-80% kubo ingamaRashiya kunye nama-Uzbeks. Amancinci afaka amaTatar, amaJuda kunye neUkraine. Esi sixeko samandulo yayiliziko elibalulekileyo kunye nehabhu yezothutho kurhwebo lwasempuma-ntshona kumaxesha amandulo, kwaye eyaziwayo "iNdlela yeSilika" yadlula apha. Kwi-China yakudala, uZhang Qian, uFa Xian noXuanzang bonke bashiye iinyawo zabo. I-Tashkent ithetha "isiXeko seTye" e-Uzbek. Yethiwa igama emva kokuba ibekwe kwindawo eneflulual fan yeentaba kwaye ineengqalutye ezinkulu. Esi sisixeko sakudala esinembali ende.Isixeko sakhiwa kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesibini BC.Yayidume ngorhwebo nangezandla zomsebenzi wezandla ngenkulungwane yesithandathu, kwaye yaba yindawo ekuphela kwayo eyadlula kwindlela yakudala yeSilika. Kuqala ukubonwa kwiirekhodi zembali ngenkulungwane ye-11 ye-AD. Yaba sisixeko esineendonga ngowe-1865, sinabemi abamalunga nama-70 000 ngelo xesha. Sasisesona sikhulu kwezorhwebo neRashiya saza kamva sazingena kuBukhosi baseRashiya. Kwi-1867 yaba liziko lolawulo leRiphabhlikhi yeZimeleyo yeTurkestan. Yayilikomkhulu leRiphabhlikhi yase-Uzbekistan (enye yeeriphabliki zeSoviet Union) ukusukela ngo-1930, yaza yaba likomkhulu leRiphabhlikhi yase-Uzbekistan ezimeleyo ngo-Agasti 31, 1991. |