Bosnia thiab Herzegovina, tag nrho lub npe ntawm Bosnia thiab Herzegovina, yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm yav tas los Yugoslavia, ntawm Croatia thiab Serbia. Thaj chaw yog 51129 square km. Cov pej xeem ntawm 4.01 lab (2004), ntawm uas tus Federation of Bosnia thiab Herzegovina suav 62,5%, thiab lub koom pheej ntawm Serbia rau 37.5%. Cov pab pawg neeg tseem ceeb yog: Bosniaks (uas yog, pawg neeg Muslim nyob rau lub sijhawm yav qab teb yav dhau los), txog thaj tsam li ntawm 43.5% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem; Serbian haiv neeg, suav txog 31.2% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem; Croatian haiv neeg, suav txog 17. 4%. Peb pawg haiv neeg ntseeg hauv Islam, Orthodox Church thiab Catholicism feem. Cov lus hauv lub xeev yog Bosnian, Serbian thiab Croatian. Bosnia thiab Herzegovina yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv pob zeb hauv av, feem ntau yog hlau hlau, lignite, bauxite, txhuas-zinc ore, asbestos, pob zeb ntsev, barite, thiab lwm yam. Cov chaw siv dej thiab cov hav zoov muaj ntau, thiab thaj chaw npog thaj chaw muaj 46.6% ntawm tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm Bosnia thiab Herzegovina.

BiH muaj li ntawm ob lub chaw, yog Federation of Bosnia thiab Herzegovina thiab Republic of Serbia. Lub koom haum ntawm Bosnia thiab Herzegovina muaj 10 lub xeev: Unna-Sana, Posavina, Tuzla-Podrinje, Zenica-Doboj, Bosna-Podrinje, Central Bosnia Cov xeev, Herzegovina-Neretva, West Herzegovina, Sarajevo, West Bosnia. Lub Republika Srpska muaj 7 lub nroog: Banja Luka, Doboj, Belina, Vlasenica, Sokolac, Srbine thiab Trebinje Cov. Xyoo 1999, Brčko Thaj Tsam Tshwj Xeeb tau tsim, ncaj qha nyob hauv lub xeev.

Lub teb chaws tus chij: Cov xim tom qab yog xiav, tus qauv yog tus duab peb ceg kub loj, thiab muaj cov hnub qub dawb uas nyob raws ib sab ntawm daim duab peb sab. Qhov peb tog ntawm cov duab peb ceg loj loj ua lub cim ua peb pawg neeg tseem ceeb uas ua los ntawm koom pheej koom pheej ntawm Bosnia thiab Herzegovina, uas yog cov neeg Muslim, Serbian thiab Croatian pawg. Kub yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub hnub, ua lub cim cia siab. Cov xiav keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab cov hnub qub dawb ua lub cim rau Tebchaws Europe thiab taw qhia tias Bosnia thiab Herzegovina yog ib feem ntawm Tebchaws Europe.

Thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 6 thiab pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 7, qee qhov Slavs tau tsiv mus rau sab qab teb mus rau Balkans thiab tau nyob ntawm Bosnia thiab Herzegovina. Thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, cov Slavs tau tsim kev ywj pheej Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas ntawm Bosnia. Thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua mus. 14, Bosnia yog lub teb chaws muaj zog tshaj plaws nyob rau yav qab teb Slavs. Nws tau los ua tus tswv Turkish tom qab 1463 thiab tau nyob hauv Austro-Hungarian Empire xyoo 1908. Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Xyoo 1918, cov neeg Slavic sab qab teb tau tsim lub tebchaws Serbian-Croatian-Slovenian, uas tau hloov npe hu ua Lub Tebchaws Yugoslavia hauv xyoo 1929. Bosnia thiab Herzegovina yog ib feem ntawm nws thiab tau faib ua ntau lub xeev xeev. Xyoo 1945, cov neeg ntawm txhua haiv neeg nyob hauv Yugoslavia yeej txoj kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam thiab tsim tau Tsoomfwv Tsoomfwv ntawm Tsoomfwv Yugoslavia (hloov npe hu ua "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" xyoo 1963), thiab Bosnia thiab Herzegovina tau dhau los ua lub koom pheej ntawm Tsoomfwv Koomhaum ntawm Yugoslavia. Thaum lub Peb Hlis 1992, Bosnia thiab Herzegovina tau xaiv tsa txoj kev ywj pheej seb lub teb chaws ywj pheej los tsis ua. Lub teb chaws Bosnia thiab Herzegovina tau pom zoo ntawm kev ywj pheej, thiab Serbs tsis kam tawm suab. Tom qab ntawd, kev tawm tsam peb-thiab-ib-nrab xyoo tau tawg ntawm Bosnia thiab Herzegovina. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 22, 1992, Bosnia thiab Herzegovina koom nrog United Nations. Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 21, 1995, nyob hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, Thawj Tswj Hwm Milosevic ntawm Tsoomfwv Tebchaws Serbia ntawm Yugoslavia, Thawj Tswj Hwm Tudjman ntawm Tsoomfwv Tebchaws Croatia thiab Thawj Tswj Hwm Izetbegovic ntawm Tsoomfwv Tebchaws Bosnia thiab Herzegovina tau kos npe Hnub Day-Bosnia-Herzegovina Kev Pom Zoo. Tus tsov rog hauv Bosnia thiab Herzegovina lawm.

Sarajevo: Sarajevo, lub peev ntawm Bosnia thiab Herzegovina (Sarajevo), yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev tsheb nqaj hlau chaw. Nws yog nto moo vim muaj kev sib kis thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj (Sarajevo Incident). Sarajevo nyob ze rau ntawm qhov chaw sab saud ntawm Boyana River, ib qho chaw pov hwm ntawm tus dej Sava. Nws yog ib lub nroog qub puag ncig lub roob thiab qhov chaw zoo nkauj. Nws muaj thaj tsam li 142 square km thiab thaj tsam ntawm 310,000 (2002).

Sarajevo tau hloov nws lub npe ntau zaus hauv keeb kwm, thiab nws lub npe tam sim no txhais tau tias "Palace ntawm Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws ntawm cov Sultan" hauv lus Turkish. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias Turkish haiv neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam txog lub nroog. Xyoo 395 AD, tom qab yeej swb Maximus, Emperor Theodosius Kuv tau tsiv ciam teb ntawm lub tebchaws Western thiab sab hnub tuaj mus rau thaj tsam ze ntawm Sarajevo ua ntej nws tuag, Lub sijhawm ntawd, Sarajevo tsuas yog ib lub nroog me me xwb. Nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo pua 15 yav dhau los, Turkish Turkish Ottoman tau kov yeej Serbia, nyob hauv Bosnia thiab Herzegovina, thiab yuam cov pej xeem hauv zos hloov mus rau Islam, ua rau qee cov neeg Muslims. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Austro-Hungarian faj tim teb chaws tau ua phem rau Serbs thiab siv lawv los tiv thaiv thaj chaw rau lawv tus kheej, thiab txij thaum ntawd los tau pib kev sib ntaus sib tua uas tau kav rau ntau pua xyoo. Raws li keeb kwm, taug txoj kev nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib nrab ntawm yav tas los Yugoslavia (ntau kev qhia meej los ntawm Bosnia thiab Herzegovina), Catholics thiab Orthodox, cov ntseeg thiab Islam, Germans thiab Slavs, Russians thiab Western tau sib ntaus sib tua heev ntawm no. Sarajevo txoj haujlwm sib tw tau yog li yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Xyoo ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog ua rau lub nroog me-paub no yog lub nroog muaj npe zoo, thiab tau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tw ntawm ntau pawg neeg, thiab thaum kawg los ua lub peev ntawm Bosnia thiab Herzegovina.

Sarajevo yog lub nroog qub uas muaj toj roob hauv pes zoo nkauj, pom lub nroog zoo nkauj thiab cov qauv kos duab sib txawv. Txij li nws tau hloov txhais tes ob peb zaug hauv keeb kwm, cov thawj coj sib txawv tau coj txhua yam kev coj noj coj ua thiab cov kev ntseeg rau lub nroog, ua rau nws qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Western kev lag luam kab lis kev cai, thiab maj mam tsim mus rau hauv lub nroog uas sib xyaw East thiab West. Cov. Lub nroog muaj ob xyoo pua xyoo Austrian-style tawny vaj tse, Oriental-style pavilions thiab Turkish-style handicraft cob qhia.

Lub hauv paus tsev feem ntau yog cov tsev loj heev los ntawm Austro-Hungarian Empire. Cov tsev teev ntuj Kas Tos Liv, cov tsev teev ntuj Orthodox thiab cov Islamic Mosque yees nrog cov neeg loj tau ua kom sib haum faib hauv nroog. Cov pej xeem Muslim nyob rau hauv Sarajevo tso nyiaj ntau dua li ib feem peb, ua rau nws yog qhov chaw uas cov neeg Muslim nyob. Vim li no, Sarajevo lub npe hu ua "Cairo ntawm Tebchaws Europe" thiab "Muslim Capital of Europe". Muaj ntau tshaj 100 mosques nyob hauv lub nroog, ntawm cov qub tshaj plaws yog Archi-Hislu-Bek Mosque ua nyob rau 16 xyoo pua. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv lub nroog tseem muaj cov ntawv sau ua lus Henplais zoo nkauj "Hagada", uas yog qhov chaw tsis tshua muaj xws li ntau cov lus dab neeg thiab cov lus piav txog nyob rau hauv cov neeg Yudais cov kev txhais ntawm "Ntawv Vajtswv". Lub zog Islamic thaj chaw tsim los tom qab kev tsov rog hauv Bosnia thiab Herzegovina ua rau koj qee zaum hnov ​​zoo li koj nyob hauv Arab ntiaj teb hauv Middle East. Qhov txawv tshwj xeeb no yog pom tsis txawv ntawm lwm lub nroog hauv nroog European, yog li Sarajevo tam sim no lub npe hu ua Yeluxalees ntawm Tebchaws Europe.

Ntxiv rau qhov no, Sarajevo tseem yog lub chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kev thauj mus los hauv av thiab thaj chaw kev lag luam thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm Bosnia thiab Herzegovina. Cov kev lag luam suav nrog cov khoom siv fais fab, kev tsim kho tsheb, kev siv hlau, kev ua chemical, textiles, ceramics, thiab kev ua zaub mov. Tseem muaj tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab ntau lub tsev kho mob hauv nroog nrog Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Mining, Polytechnic, Science thiab Fine Arts.