Turkey inodzvanya Asia neEurope, pakati peMediterranean neGungwa Dema, iine nzvimbo yakazara ingangoita 780,576 mativi emakiromita. Iri pamuganho neIran kumabvazuva, Georgia, Armenia neAzerbaijan kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, Siria neIraq kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva, Bulgaria neGirisi kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, Gungwa Dema kuchamhembe, uye Kuprosi kuyambuka Mediterranean kusvika kumadokero nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero.Mhenderekedzo yegungwa iri makiromita 3,518 kureba. Nzvimbo yemahombekombe ine tembiricha yepasi peMediterranean, uye bani renyika rinoshanduka richienda kunzvimbo inotonhora yehuswa nemamiriro ekunze erenje.

Ongororo

Turkey, iro zita rizere reRepublic of Turkey, inodarika Asia neEurope uye iri pakati peGungwa reMediterranean neGungwa Dema. Nzvimbo zhinji iri muAsia Minor Peninsula, uye chikamu cheEuropean chiri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBalkan Peninsula.Nharaunda yacho yose yenyika ingangoita makiromita mazana manomwe nemakumi manomwe ane mazana manomwe neshanu. Inogumira Iran kumabvazuva, Georgia, Armenia neAzerbaijan kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, Syria neIraq kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva, Bulgaria neGirisi kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, Gungwa Dema kuchamhembe, uye Kupro kumadokero nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kuyambuka Gungwa reMediterranean. Iyo Bosphorus neDardanelles, pamwe neGungwa reMarmara pakati pematambudziko maviri, ndiyo chete nzira yemvura inosangana neGungwa Dema neMediterranean, uye nzvimbo yavo yakakosha yakakosha. Mahombekombe akareba makiromita 3,518. Iyo nzvimbo iri kumusoro kumabvazuva uye yakadzika kumadokero, kazhinji zvikomo nemakomo, nemapani akatetepa uye marefu chete mumahombekombe. Nzvimbo dziri mumahombekombe ndedze mamiriro ekunze epasi peMediterranean, uye rwizi rwenzvimbo inoenda kunzvimbo dzinopisa dzehuswa nemamiriro ekunze erenje. Musiyano wekupisa wakakura. Iyo yepakati average tembiricha iri 14-20 ℃ uye 4-18 ℃ zvichiteerana. Iyo yevhareji mvura inonaya gore rega ndeye 700-2500 mm pamwe neGungwa Dema, 500-700 mm ichitevedza Gungwa reMediterranean, uye 250-400 mm mukati.

Mapoka ekutungamira muTurkey anoiswa mumatunhu, mataundi, mataundishipi, nemisha. Nyika yakakamurwa kuva matunhu makumi masere nemasere, matunhu mazana matanhatu, nemisha inopfuura makumi matatu nematanhatu.

Nzvimbo yekuzvarwa yevaTurkey iAltai Makomo muXinjiang, China, inozivikanwa seTurks munhoroondo. Muzana ramakore rechinomwe, maEastern neWestern Turkic Khanates vakaparadzwa naTang. Kubva muzana ramakore rechisere kusvika kune rechi13, vanhu vekuTurkey vakatamira kumadokero kuenda kuAsia Minor. Humambo hweOttoman hwakavambwa mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi14. Zana ramakore rechi 15 nerechi 16 rakapinda muzuva raro, uye nharaunda yaro yakawedzerwa kuEurope, Asia, uye Africa. Yakatanga kudzikira pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi16. Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, yakava semi-koloni yeBritain, France, Germany nedzimwe nyika. Muna 1919, Mustafa Kemal akatanga bourgeois shanduko yenyika.Muna 1922, akakunda mauto evatorwa akapinda nekumisa Republic of Turkey muna Gumiguru 29, 1923. Kemal akasarudzwa semutungamiriri wenyika. Muna Kurume 1924, chigaro cheOttoman Caliph (aimbova mutungamiriri wechiIslam monarch) chakabviswa.

Mureza wenyika: Yakaenzana nemakona ane hurefu hwehurefu kusvika paupamhi hwe3: 2. Mureza wacho wakatsvuka, uine mwedzi muchena wecrescent uye nyeredzi chena yakanangana neshanu kudivi remubato. Dzvuku rinomiririra ropa uye kukunda; mwedzi wekwekisimusi nenyeredzi zvinomiririra kudzinga rima uye kuunza chiedza.Izvi zvakare zvinomiririra kutenda kwevanhu veTurkey muIslam, uye zvakare kunoratidza mufaro nerombo rakanaka.

Turkey ine huwandu hwemamiriyoni 67.31 (2002). MaTurkey anoverengera anopfuura makumi masere muzana, uye maKurds anoverengera gumi neshanu muzana. ChiTurkish ndiwo mutauro wenyika, uye vanopfuura makumi masere muzana yevagari vemunyika maTurkey, kuwedzera kuKurdish, Armenian, Arab, uye Greek. 99% yevagari vanotenda muIslam.

Turkey inyika yechinyakare yekurima nekuchengeta zvipfuyo, iine kurima kwakanaka, inozvigadzirira zviyo, donje, miriwo, michero, nyama, nezvimwewo, uye kukosha kweakaundi ekugadzira ekurima kurudzi rwese About 20% yeGDP. Huwandu hwevanhu vekurima vanosvika 46% yehuwandu hwevanhu. Zvigadzirwa zvekurima zvinonyanya kusanganisira gorosi, bhari, chibage, shuga beet, donje, fodya nembatatisi. Chikafu nemichero zvinogona kuzviriritira uye kutengesera kunze. Ankara makushe anozivikanwa pasirese. Yakapfuma muzvicherwa zviwanikwa, kunyanya boron, chromium, mhangura, iron, bauxite uye marasha. Izvo zvakachengetwa zve boron trioxide uye chromium ore angangoita mamirioni makumi manomwe ematani uye zana emamiriyoni emamiriyoni zvichiteerana, ese ari maviri ari pakati pepamusoro pasirese. Matura emarasha angangoita mazana matanhatu nemakumi mashanu emabhiriyoni matani, kunyanya lignite. Nzvimbo yesango iri mahekita mamirioni makumi maviri. Zvisinei, mafuta uye gasi chaiwo zviri kushomeka uye zvinoda kuunzwa kunze muhuwandu hwakawanda. Iyo indasitiri ine imwe hwaro, uye machira uye maindasitiri ezvokudya akagadzirwa zvishoma. Iwo makuru maindasitiri zvikamu zvinosanganisira simbi, samende, zvemagetsi uye zvemagetsi zvigadzirwa, uye mota. Nzvimbo dzeindasitiri uye dzekurima kumadokero kwenzvimbo dzemahombekombe dzakasimukira, uye nzvimbo dziri mukati kumabvazuva dzakadzivirirwa mumigwagwa uye huwandu hwezvigadzirwa hwakasara. Turkey inofarira zviwanikwa zvekushanya.Nzvimbo dzezvakaitika kare dzakazara munzvimbo yayo, kusanganisira Tembere yaAtemisi, Zvishamiso Zvinomwe zveNyika, maguta enhoroondo eIstanbul, uye guta rekare reEfeso. Tourism yave imwe yeiyi yakakosha mbiru dzeTurkey yenyika hupfumi.

Maguta makuru

Ankara: Ankara ndiro guta guru reTurkey, nyika iri kumucheto kweEurope neAsia. Iri munzvimbo yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweAnatolian Plateau paAsia Minor Peninsula, iguta rine matunhu makiromita mazana mapfumbamwe pamusoro pegungwa. Ankara ine nhoroondo refu inogona kuteverwa kumashure kune yekare zana. Vamwe vanyori venhoroondo vanofunga kuti, pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi13 BC, vanhu vechiHeti vakavaka nhare muAnkara, iyo yainzi "Ankuva", kana dhikiki waro "Angela". Imwe ngano inotenda kuti guta rakavakwa naPhrygian King Midas kuma 700 BC, uye nekuti akawana anchor yesimbi ipapo, iri rakazova zita reguta. Mushure mekuchinja kwakati wandei, yakave "Ankara".

Nyika isati yatangwa, Ankara raingova guta diki.Zvino rave guta razvino rine vanhu vane mamirioni 3.9 (2002), repiri chete kune iro rezvehupfumi uye guta rekare reIstanbul. . Ankara inozivikanwa nenzvimbo yayo yekutonga uye guta rekutengeserana.Iyo indasitiri haina kunyatso kuvandudzwa, uye kukosha kwayo kwehupfumi kwakanyanya kuderera pane kweIstanbul, Izmir, Adana nemamwe maguta. Kune chete mashoma mashoma uye epakati-saizi mafekitori pano. Nzvimbo yeAnkara haina kuenzana uye mamiriro ekunze ari semi-kondinendi. Zvigadzirwa zvekurima zvikuru gorosi, bhari, bhinzi, michero, miriwo, mazambiringa, nezvimwe. Mombe dzinonyanya kusanganisira makwai, Angora mbudzi, uye mombe. Ankara yanga iri nzvimbo yekufambisa kubva kunguva dzekare, iine njanji nemigwagwa yemhepo inotungamira kumatunhu ese enyika.

Istanbul: Guta rekare reTurkey Istanbul (Istanbul) iri kumucheto kwekumabvazuva kweBalkan Peninsula, ichidzipura Gungwa Dema.Ndiro guta rakakura uye chiteshi cheTurkey chine vanhu vanopfuura mamirioni gumi nemaviri (2003) gore). Sezvo muganho uri pakati peEurope neAsia, iyo Bosphorus Strait inodarika nepakati peguta, ichipatsanura iri guta rekare kuita maviri, uye Istanbul rave iro chete guta mupasi rinoyambuka Europe neAsia. Istanbul yakavambwa muna 660 BC uye yainzi Byzantium panguva iyoyo. Muna 324 AD, Constantine Mukuru wehumambo hweRoma akatamisa guta rayo kubva kuRoma ndokushandura zita rayo kuita Constantinople. Muna 395 AD, Constantinople yakava guta guru reEastern Roman Empire (inozivikanwawo seByzantine Empire) mushure mekuparadzaniswa kwehushe hweRoma. Muna 1453 AD, Sultan Mohammed II weTurkey akakunda guta ndokuparadza Eastern Roma.Rakava guta guru reUtoman Empire uye rakanzizve Istanbul kudzamara Turkey Republic yagadzwa muna 1923 ikaenda kuAnkara.

Pakutanga kwezana ramakore regumi nematatu, pakauya varwi veCrusus, guta iri rekare rakapiswa. Nhasi, nzvimbo yemadhorobha yakawedzera kusvika kuchamhembe kweGoridhe Horn uye Uskdar kumahombekombe ekumabvazuva eBosphorus. Muguta rekare reIstanbul kumaodzanyemba kweGoridhe Nyanga, kuchine rusvingo rweguta runoparadzanisa guta repeninsula kubva kumahombekombe. Mushure memakore achangopfuura ekuvakwa kwemasiparati, Istanbul's cityscape yave kuve yakajeka, kusanganisira nzira dzekare dzichitenderera mumugwagwa, pamwe neyakafara uye yakatwasuka Turkey Avenue, Independence Avenue, uye zvivakwa zvemazuva ano kumativi ese evenue. Pasi pedenga, iyo mosque minaret inopenya, iyo yakatsvuka-yakavakirwa Gothic dhizaini uye yekare antiIslam dzimba zvakapindirana; yazvino Intercontinental Hotel uye yekare Roman Theodosius rusvingo zvinowirirana. Anenge makore 1700 enhoroondo yeguta guru akasiya mavara akasarudzika eIstanbul. Kune zvinopfuura zviuru zvitatu uye zvidiki mosque muguta, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa pakunamata mamirioni gumi emaMuslim muguta. Uye zvakare, mune iro rinopfuura chiuru mamareta marefu muguta. MuIstanbul, chero bedzi iwe ukatarisa-tarisa, pachagara paine mainaret ane maumbirwo akasiyana. Naizvozvo, iro guta rinozivikanwawo se "Minaret Guta".