Turkey e parola Asia le Europe, lipakeng tsa Mediterranean le Leoatle le Letšo, e nang le sebaka se boholo ba li-kilomitara tse ka bang 780,576. E moeling oa Iran ka bochabela, Georgia, Armenia le Azerbaijan ka leboea-bochabela, Syria le Iraq ka boroa-bochabela, Bulgaria le Greece ka leboea-bophirima, Leoatle le Letšo ka leboea, le Cyprase ho parola Mediterranean ho ea bophirima le boroa-bophirima. Sebaka se lebopong se na le boemo ba leholimo bo chesang le leholimo ba Mediterranean, 'me sehlaba se kenella hare ho naha se fetela sebakeng se chesang se mongobo le boemo ba leholimo ba lehoatata.

Kakaretso

Turkey, e leng lebitso le felletseng la Rephabliki ea Turkey, e parola Asia le Europe 'me e pakeng tsa Leoatle la Mediterranean le Leoatle le Letšo. Boholo ba sebaka sena bo Asia Hloahloeng ea Asia Minor, 'me karolo ea Europe e ka boroa-bochabela ho Hloahloa ea Balkan. Kakaretso ea naha e ka ba li-kilometara tse 780,576. E moeling oa Iran ka bochabela, Georgia, Armenia le Azerbaijan ka leboea-bochabela, Syria le Iraq ka boroa-bochabela, Bulgaria le Greece ka leboea-bophirima, Leoatle le Letšo ka leboea, le Cyprase ka bophirima le boroa-bophirima ho tšela Leoatle la Mediterranean. Bosphorus le Dardanelles, hammoho le Leoatle la Marmara lipakeng tsa likhahla tsena tse peli, ke tsona feela litsela tsa metsi tse hokahanyang Leoatle le Letšo le Leoatle la Mediterranean, 'me sebaka sa tsona sa bohlokoa se bohlokoa haholo. Lebopo la leoatle le bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse 3,518. Sebaka se phahameng ka bochabela ebile se tlase bophirima, boholo ke sehlaba le lithaba, ka lithota tse moqotetsane le tse telele haufi le lebopo feela. Libaka tse lebopong la leoatle ke tsa boemo ba leholimo bo chesang le leholimo ba Mediterranean, 'me sehlaba se kenella hare ho naha se fetela libakeng tse mongobo le maemo a leholimo a lehoatata. Phapang ea mocheso e kholo. Mocheso oa selemo le selemo ke 14-20 ℃ le 4-18 ℃ ka ho latellana. Pula e tloaelehileng ea selemo le selemo ke 700-2500 mm pela Leoatle le Letšo, 500-700 mm pela Leoatle la Mediterranean, le 250-400 mm hare ho naha.

Likarolo tsa tsamaiso Turkey li arotsoe ka liprofinse, litereke, literopo le metsana. Naha e arotsoe ka liprofinse tse 81, litereke tse ka bang 600 le metsana e fetang 36,000.

Sebaka sa tsoalo sa Maturkey ke Lithaba tsa Altai tse Xinjiang, China, tse tsejoang e le Maturkey nalaneng. Lekholong la bo7 la lilemo, MaKhahate a Bochabela le Bophirima a Turkic a ile a senngoa ka tatellano ke Tang. Ho tloha lekholong la bo8 ho isa ho la bo13 la lilemo, Maturkey a ile a fallela bophirima ho Asia Minor. 'Muso oa Ottoman o thehiloe mathoasong a lekholo la bo14 la lilemo. Lekholo la bo15 le la bo16 la lilemo le ile la kena nakong ea lona ea pele, 'me sebaka sa eona sa atolosoa ho ea Europe, Asia le Afrika. E qalile ho fokotseha qetellong ea lekholo la bo16 la lilemo. Mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, e ile ea fetoha se-kolone sa Borithane, Fora, Jeremane le linaha tse ling. Ka 1919, Mustafa Kemal o ile a tsebisa phetohelo ea bo-bourgeois ea naha.Ho 1922, o ile a hlola mabotho a hlaselang a kantle ho naha mme a theha Rephabliki ea Turkey ka la 29 Mphalane 1923. Kemal o ile a khethoa e le mopresidente. Ka Hlakubele 1924, terone ea Ottoman Caliph (morena oa mehleng oa moetapele oa Islamic) e ile ea felisoa.

Folakha ea naha: E khutlonnetsepa ka bolelele ba bolelele ho bophara ba 3: 2. Folakha e khubelu, ka khoeli e tšoeu ea seoli le naleli e tšoeu e nchocho tse hlano ka lehlakoreng la folakha. Bokhubelu bo tšoantšetsa mali le tlholo; khoeli le naleli tse seoli li tšoantšetsa ho leleka lefifi le ho tlisa leseli hape e tšoantšetsa tumelo ea batho ba Turkey ho Islam, hape e tšoantšetsa thabo le lehlohonolo.

Turkey e na le baahi ba limilione tse 67.31 (2002). Maturkey a ikarabella ho feta 80%, 'me Makurds a ikarabella ka 15%. Seturkey ke puo ea naha, 'me batho ba fetang 80% ba naha ena ke Maturkey, ntle le Kurdish, Armenian, Arab le Greek. 99% ea baahi ba lumela ho Islam.

Turkey ke naha ea setso ea temo le liphoofolo, e nang le temo e ntle, e ikemetseng ka lijo-thollo, k'hothone, meroho, litholoana, nama, jj, le boleng ba liakhaonte tsa tlhahiso ea temo bakeng sa sechaba sohle. Hoo e ka bang 20% ​​ea GDP. Baahi ba temo ba etsa karolo ea 46% ea palo ea baahi kaofela. Lihlahisoa tsa temo haholo li kenyelletsa koro, harese, poone, beet ea tsoekere, k'hothone, koae le litapole. Lijo le litholoana li ka itjella tsa ba tsa romelloa kantle ho naha. Boea ba Ankara bo tumme lefatšeng ka bophara. Re ruile ka lisebelisoa tsa liminerale, haholo-holo boron, chromium, koporo, tšepe, bauxite le mashala. Mehloli ea boron trioxide le chromium ore e ka ba limilione tse 70 le lithane tse limilione tse 100 ka ho latellana, tseo ka bobeli li leng maemong a holimo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Mehloli ea mashala e ka ba lithane tse limilione tse likete tse 6.5, haholo-holo lignite. Sebaka sa moru ke lihekthere tse limilione tse 20. Leha ho le joalo, oli le khase ea tlhaho lia haella mme li hloka ho romeloa kantle ho naha ka bongata. Indasteri e na le motheo o itseng, mme indasteri ea masela le lijo e ntlafalitsoe. Makala a mantlha a liindasteri ke tšepe, samente, lihlahisoa tsa mochini le motlakase le likoloi. Libaka tsa indasteri le tsa temo libakeng tse ka bophirima tsa lebopo li ntlafalitsoe haholo, mme libaka tse ka hare ho naha ka bochabela li koetsoe ka sephethe-phethe mme boemo ba tlhahiso bo ntse bo salla morao. Turkey e na le mehloli e ikhethang ea bohahlauli.Liwebsaete tsa nalane li na le libaka tse fumanehang sebakeng sa eona, ho kenyeletsoa le Tempele ea Artemise, Limakatso tse Supileng tsa Lefatše, litoropo tsa nalane ea Istanbul le motse oa khale oa Efese. Bohahlauli e bile e 'ngoe ea litšiea tsa bohlokoa moruong oa naha ea Turkey.

Metse e meholo

Ankara: Ankara ke motse-moholo oa Turkey, naha e qetellong ea Europe le Asia. E karolong e ka leboea-bophirima ho Lithaba tsa Anatolia Hloahloeng ea Asia Minor. Ankara e na le nalane e telele e ka fumanoang morao koana lekholong la khale la lilemo. Bo-rahistori ba bang ba lumela hore, khale joalo ka lekholo la bo13 la lilemo BC, batho ba Heti ba ile ba haha ​​qhobosheane Ankara, e neng e bitsoa "Ankuva", kapa mongoli oa eona "Angela". Pale e 'ngoe e lumela hore toropo e hahiloe ke King Midas oa Frigia hoo e ka bang 700 BC, mme hobane a fumane ankora ea tšepe moo, lebitso lena la fetoha motse. Kamora liphetoho tse 'maloa, e ile ea fetoha "Ankara".

Pele ho theoa Rephabliki, Ankara e ne e le toropo e nyane feela. . Ankara e tumme ka setsi sa eona sa tsamaiso le toropo ea khoebo. Indasteri ea eona ha e tsoetse pele haholo mme bohlokoa ba eona ba moruo bo tlase haholo ho feta ba Istanbul, Izmir, Adana le litoropo tse ling. Ho na le lifeme tse fokolang le tse mahareng feela mona. Sebaka sa Ankara ha se lekane mme boemo ba leholimo ke halofo ea kontinenteng. Lihlahisoa tse ka sehloohong tsa temo ke koro, harese, linaoa, litholoana, meroho, morara, jj. Mehlape haholo e kenyelletsa linku, lipoli tsa Angora le likhomo. Ankara esale e le setsi sa lipalangoang ho tloha mehleng ea khale, ka liporo le litsela tsa moea tse isang likarolong tsohle tsa naha.

Mathoasong a lekholo la bo13 la lilemo, ha Masole a Bolumeli a hlasela, motse ona oa khale o ile oa chesoa. Kajeno, sebaka sa litoropo se atolohetse leboea ho Lenaka la Khauta le Uskdar lebopong le ka bochabela la Bosphorus. Toropong ea khale ea Istanbul ka boroa ho Lenaka la Khauta, ho ntse ho na le lerako la toropo le arolang toropo hloahloeng le naha. Kamora lilemo tsa morao tjena tsa kaho ea bomasepala, toropo ea Istanbul e se e le mebala-bala haholoanyane, ho kenyeletsoa le literata tsa khale tse tsoelipanang le molatsoana, hammoho le tsela e pharalletseng le e otlolohileng ea Turkey Avenue, Independence Avenue, le meaho ea sejoale-joale mahlakore ka bobeli a avenue. Tlas'a leholimo, mosamo oa mosque oa phatsima, meaho e ruletsoeng ka bofubelu ea Gothic le matlo a antique a Mamoseleme a hokahane; hotele ea sejoale-joale ea Intercontinental le lerako la khale la Roma Theodosius lia tlatsana. Hoo e ka bang lilemo tse 1700 tsa nalane ea motse-moholo e siile lireliki tse mebala-bala tsa setso Istanbul. Ho na le li-mosque tse fetang tse 3 000 tse kholo le tse nyane toropong, tse ka sebelisoang bakeng sa khumamelo ea Mamoseleme a limilione tse 10 motseng oo. Ntle le moo, ho na le li-minaret tse fetang litora tse fetang 1 000 toropong ea Istanbul, ha feela o ka qamaka, ho tla lula ho e-na le li-minaret tse nang le libopeho tse fapaneng. Ka hona, toropo e tsejoa hape e le "Minaret City".

Ha re bua ka Istanbul, ka tlhaho batho ba nahana ka Borokho bo le bong feela ba Bosphorus lefatšeng bo pharalletseng Europe le Asia. Sebaka sa eona se setle, botle bo botle ba mochophoro le liemahale tse tummeng tsa millennium li etsa Istanbul sebaka se tummeng sa bahahlauli. Borokho ba Bosphorus bo hahiloe ka 1973. E hokahanya litoropo tse arotsoeng ke molatsoana hape e hokahanya lik'honthinente tse peli tsa Europe le Asia. Ena ke borokho bo ikhethileng ba ho emisa bo bolelele ba limithara tse 1560. Ntle le foreimi ea tšepe lipheletsong ka bobeli, ha ho na li-piers bohareng.Mefuta e fapaneng ea likepe e ka feta.Ke borokho bo boholo ba ho emisa Europe le la bone le leholo lefatšeng. Bosiu, mabone a borokhong a khanya, a shebahala a le hole, ekare ke volleys ea drakone leholimong. Ntle le moo, toropo e boetse e ahile Borata ba Galata le Borokho ba Ataturk ho hokahanya litoropo tse ncha le tsa khale.