Afghanistan tana da fadin kasa kilomita murabba'i 652,300. Tana kan mahada ta Yammacin Asiya, Kudancin Asiya da Asiya ta Tsakiya.Yana da muhimmin wuri a yanayin kasa don jigila tsakanin Arewa da Kudu. Ya yi iyaka da kasashen Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, da Tajikistan daga arewa, wani dan karamin yanki da ke kan iyakokin arewa maso gabashin kasar China, gabas da kudu maso gabas ta yi iyaka da Pakistan, sannan yamma ta yi iyaka da Iran. Yankin yana da tsaunuka, tuddai da tsaunuka sun mamaye 4/5 na yankin ƙasar. arewa da kudu maso yamma galibi filaye ne, kuma akwai hamada a kudu maso yamma. Yanayin nahiya yana sa ƙasar ta bushe kuma ba ta da ruwa sosai, tare da manyan bambance-bambance na shekara-shekara da na yau da kullun da lokutan bayyane.

Afghanistan tana da fadin kasa kilomita murabba'i 652,300. Ana zaune a mahadar Yammacin Asiya, Kudancin Asiya da Asiya ta Tsakiya, wuri ne mai mahimmanci na ƙasa, wanda shine babban haɗin zirga-zirga tsakanin Arewa da Kudu. Ya yi iyaka da kasashen Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, da Tajikistan daga arewa, wani dan karamin yanki da ke kan iyakokin arewa maso gabashin kasar China, gabas da kudu maso gabas ta yi iyaka da Pakistan, sannan yamma ta yi iyaka da Iran. Yankin yana da tsaunuka, tuddai da tsaunuka sunkai 4/5 na yankin ƙasar, arewa da kudu maso yamma galibi filaye ne, kuma akwai hamada a kudu maso yamma. Matsakaicin tsawan mita 1000 ne. Mafi girman tsaunin tsaunin Hindu Kush a cikin kasar yana gudana ne daga arewa maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma. Babban kogunan sune Amu Darya, Helmand, Kabul da Harirud. Yanayin nahiya yana sa kasar ta bushe kuma ba ta da ruwa sosai, tare da manyan bambance-bambance na shekara-shekara da na yau da kullun, yanayi mai bayyane, tsananin sanyi a lokacin sanyi da rani mai tsananin zafi.

An raba Afghanistan zuwa larduna 33, wadanda aka raba su zuwa kananan hukumomi, gundumomi, garuruwa da kauyuka.

Kafin karni na 15, Afghanistan ita ce cibiyar kasuwanci da musayar al'adu tsakanin Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Indiya da Gabas ta Gabas. Bayan an buɗe hanyar teku daga Turai zuwa Indiya a ƙarshen karni na 15, Afghanistan ta zama a rufe. A cikin 1747, mutanen Afghanistan sun kori maharan baƙi kuma suka kafa daula ta Afghanistan mai zaman kanta kuma ta taɓa zama mai ƙarfi, suka zama ƙasar Musulmai ta biyu bayan Otasar Ottoman. A cikin 1878, Burtaniya ta mamaye Afghanistan a karo na biyu kuma ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Gandamak tare da Afghanistan, kuma Afghanistan ta rasa ikon diflomasiyya. A cikin 1895, Birtaniyya da Rasha sun kulla wata yarjejeniya don raba yankin Pamir a asirce tare da ayyana yankin Vakhan a matsayin yankin mallakar buran Biritaniya da Rasha. A shekara ta 1919, mutanen Afghanistan suka sami independenceancin kai bayan fatattakar mamayar Birtaniyya karo na uku. A watan Afrilun 1978, Jam’iyyar Democratic Party ta Afghanistan ta kaddamar da juyin mulkin soja don kifar da gwamnati tare da sauya sunanta zuwa Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Afghanistan. Sojojin Soviet sun mamaye Afghanistan a 1979. A watan Nuwamba 1987, Babban Loya Jirga a Afghanistan ya yanke shawarar sauya sunan Jamhuriyar Demokiradiyar Afghanistan a hukumance zuwa Jamhuriyar Afghanistan. A ranar 15 ga Fabrairun 1989, aka tilasta wa Tarayyar Soviet janye dakarunta daga Afghanistan. A ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 1992, aka sauya wa kasar suna zuwa Daular Musulunci ta Afghanistan. A watan Oktoban 1997 ne aka sake wa kasar suna zuwa Daular Musulunci ta Afghanistan. A watan Nuwamba 2004, aka zabi Karzai a matsayin zababben shugaban demokradiyya na farko a tarihin Afghanistan ta hanyar cikakken amfani.

Yawan jama'ar Afghanistan ya kai kimanin miliyan 28.5 (an kiyasta a watan Yulin 2004). Daga cikin su, Pashtuns na da kashi 38-44%, Tajiks na da 25%, kuma akwai kananan kabilu sama da 20 da suka hada da Uzbek, Hazara, Turkmen, Baluch da Nuristan. Harsunan hukuma sune Pashto da Dari (watau Persian) Sauran yarukan gida sun hada da Uzbek, Baluchistan, Turkish, da sauransu. Fiye da kashi 98% na mazauna yankin sun yi imani da Islama, wanda kashi 90% daga cikinsu sunna ne, sauran kuma ‘yan Shi’a ne.

Afghanistan kasa ce ta baya-baya ga harkar noma da kiwo.A cikin shekarar 1971, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta sanya ta a matsayin daya daga cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba a duniya. Albarkatun ma'adanan Azerbaijan na da wadataccen arziki, amma ba a inganta su sosai ba. A halin yanzu, albarkatun da aka tabbatar sun hada da iskar gas, gawayi, gishiri, chromium, ƙarfe, tagulla, mica da Emeralds. Shekaru na yaƙe-yaƙe sun haifar da tushen masana'antar Afghanistan. Galibi masana'antar haske da masana'antar sana'o'in hannu, galibi sun haɗa da yadi, takin zamani, ciminti, fata, katifu, wutar lantarki, sukari da kayayyakin aikin gona. Masana'antar kere kere tana da kimanin kashi 42% na ƙimar fitowar masana'antu. Noma da kiwon dabbobi sune manyan ginshikan tattalin arzikin kasa na Afghanistan. Yawan noma da kiwo ya kai kashi 80% na yawan jama'ar kasar. Culasar da aka noma bai kai kashi 10% na yawan yankin ƙasar ba. Manyan amfanin gonar sun hada da alkama, auduga, sukari gwoza, busassun 'ya'yan itatuwa da' ya'yan itatuwa iri-iri Babban kayan kiwon dabbobi sune tumaki da awaki, da shanu da awaki.

Manyan biranen

Kabul: Kabul shi ne babban birnin Afghanistan, babban birnin Lardin Kabul kuma birni mafi girma a Afghanistan. Birni ne sananne wanda ke da tarihi sama da shekaru 3,000 kuma ya zama babban birnin Afghanistan bayan 1773. "Kabul" na nufin "cibiyar kasuwanci" a Sindhi.

Kabul yana gabashin Afghanistan, a ƙasan kudu na tsaunin Hindu Kush, a wani kwari a tsayin mita 1,800. Yankin yana da haɗari kuma tsaunukan da ke kewaye da su suna kewaye da tsaunuka masu kama da U. Kogin Kabul yana gudana ta tsakiyar gari kuma ya raba Kabul City gida biyu, tare da tsohon birni a gefen kudu da sabon birni a bankin arewa. Sabon birni yana da wadataccen arziki, galibin gundumomin kasuwanci, fadoji, gidajen zama na hukuma da manyan gidajen zama sun fi yawa a nan. Akwai fadoji da yawa a cikin birnin, waɗanda suka fi shahara sune Fadar Gulhana, Fadar Dirkusa, Fadar Saladat, Fadar Rose da Dar Aman Fada da sauransu Fadar Dar Aman wurin zama ne na majalisar dokoki da sassan gwamnati.

A titin Maywand da ke tsakiyar Kabul, akwai Tattakin Maywand mai ɗanɗano, wanda keɓaɓɓe huɗu kewaye da shi. A gefen tsaunuka kewaye da garin, tsaunukan duwatsu, tsaffin hasumiyoyi, tsoffin kaburbura, tsoffin kagarai, majami'un Islama da wuraren bautar gumaka. Shahararrun sune Shahidu Shamshirah Temple, Babel Mausoleum, King Mohammed Dinard Shah Mausoleum, National Museum, Archaeological Museum, da sauransu. Haramin "Zah" a kudancin birnin gini ne irin na Islama kuma nan ne gidan Ali, wanda ya kafa kungiyar Shi'a ta Islama. Akwai wani katon dutse kusa da mita 30 zuwa 40 kusa da wurin ibadar.Shi kuma babban dinki mai tsawon mita 2 da fadi 1 ya rabu a tsakiyar.Lamarin da ya nuna, shi ne tsarkakakken kayan tarihi da takobin Ali ya bari yana raba dutsen.