Afghanistan ili ndi dera lalikulu masikweya kilomita 652,300. Ili pamphambano ya West Asia, South Asia ndi Central Asia. Ili m'malire ndi Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan ndi Tajikistan kumpoto, kamtunda kakang'ono kotumphuka kumpoto chakum'mawa kumalire ndi China, kum'mawa ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kumalire kwa Pakistan, ndi kumadzulo kumalire ndi Iran. Gawoli ndi lamapiri, mapiri ndi mapiri amakhala 4 / 5. M'derali.Kumpoto ndi kumwera chakumadzulo makamaka kuli zigwa, ndipo kuli zipululu kumwera chakumadzulo. Nyengo yamakontinenti imapangitsa dzikolo kukhala louma komanso locheperako mvula, ndikutentha kwakukulu kwapachaka ndi kwamasiku ndi nyengo komanso nyengo zowonekera.

Afghanistan ili ndi dera lalikulu masikweya kilomita 652,300. Ili pamphambano ya West Asia, South Asia ndi Central Asia, ndi malo ofunikira monga kulumikizana kofunikira pakati pa Kumpoto ndi Kummwera. Ili m'malire ndi Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan ndi Tajikistan kumpoto, kamtunda kakang'ono kotumphuka kumpoto chakum'mawa kumalire ndi China, kum'mawa ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kumalire kwa Pakistan, ndi kumadzulo kumalire ndi Iran. Gawoli ndi lamapiri, mapiri ndi mapiri amawerengera 4/5 mdera ladzikoli, kumpoto ndi kumwera chakumadzulo makamaka kuli zigwa, ndipo kuli zipululu kumwera chakumadzulo. Kutalika kwapakati ndi mita 1,000. Phiri lalikulu kwambiri lachihindu la Kush Kush mdzikolo limayenda mozungulira kuchokera kumpoto chakum'mawa mpaka kumwera chakumadzulo. Mitsinje yayikulu ndi Amu Darya, Helmand, Kabul ndi Harirud. Nyengo yamakontinenti imapangitsa dzikolo kukhala louma komanso locheperako mvula, ndikutentha kwakukulu kwapachaka ndi kwamasiku onse, nyengo zowonekera, kuzizira kozizira nthawi yachisanu komanso chilimwe chotentha kwambiri.

Afghanistan yagawidwa zigawo 33, madera, zigawo, matauni, ndi midzi pansi pa zigawozi.

Zisanafike zaka za zana la 15, Afghanistan anali likulu la malonda ndi kusinthana kwachikhalidwe pakati pa Europe, Middle East ndi India ndi Far East. Njira yonyamula nyanja kuchokera ku Europe kupita ku India itatsegulidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 15, Afghanistan idatsekedwa. Mu 1747, anthu aku Afghanistan adathamangitsa olanda akunja ndikukhazikitsa Ufumu wodziyimira pawokha komanso wamphamvu kale ku Afghanistan, ndikukhala dziko lachiSilamu lachiwiri kokha ku Ufumu wa Ottoman. Mu 1878, Britain idalanda Afghanistan kachiwiri ndikusainirana Pangano la Gandamak ndi Afghanistan, ndipo Afghanistan idataya mphamvu zake. Mu 1895, Britain ndi Russia adachita mgwirizano kuti agawane mwapadera dera la Pamir ndikusankha dera la Vakhan ngati gawo lotetezera pakati pa Britain ndi Russia. Mu 1919, anthu aku Afghanistan adalandira ufulu pambuyo pogonjetsa nkhondo yachitatu yaku Britain. Mu Epulo 1978, People's Democratic Party ya Afghanistani idakhazikitsa gulu lankhondo kuti ligwetse boma ndikusintha dzina kukhala Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. Asitikali aku Soviet Union adalanda Afghanistan mu 1979. Mu Novembala 1987, a Great Loya Jirga aku Afghanistan adaganiza zosintha dzina la Democratic Republic of Afghanistan kukhala Republic of Afghanistan. Pa February 15, 1989, Soviet Union idakakamizidwa kuchotsa asitikali ake ku Afghanistan. Pa Epulo 28, 1992, dzikolo lidasinthidwa dzina kukhala Islamic State of Afghanistan. Mu Okutobala 1997, dzikolo lidasinthidwa kukhala Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. Mu Novembala 2004, Karzai adasankhidwa kukhala purezidenti woyamba wosankhidwa mwa demokalase m'mbiri ya Afghanistan mwa mwayi wonse.

Mbendera Yadziko: Pa February 5, 2002, Afghanistan idakhazikitsa mbendera yatsopano. Mbendera yatsopanoyo idapangidwa molingana ndi 1964 Afghan Constitution ndipo ili ndi mizere yakuda, yofiira, komanso yobiriwira komanso chizindikiro cha dziko la Afghanistan.

Anthu aku Afghanistan ali pafupifupi 28.5 miliyoni (akuyerekezedwa mu Julayi 2004). Mwa iwo, ma Pashtuns amawerengera 38-44% ndipo a Tajiks amawerengera 25% Kuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu yopitilira 20 yazing'ono monga Uzbek, Hazara, Turkmen, Baluch ndi Nuristan. Ziyankhulo zovomerezeka ndi Pashto ndi Dari (ie Persian). Zinenero zina zakomweko ndi Uzbek, Baluchistan, Turkey, ndi zina. Oposa 98% okhalamo amakhulupirira Chisilamu, pomwe 90% ndi Asunni ndipo ena onse ndi Ashia.

Afghanistan ndi dziko lobwerera m'mbuyo pankhani zaulimi ndi ziweto. Mu 1971, lidalembedwa ndi United Nations ngati amodzi mwamayiko otukuka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Zida zamchere ku Azerbaijan ndizolemera, koma sizinapangidwe bwino. Pakadali pano, zomwe zatsimikiziridwa zimaphatikizapo gasi, malasha, mchere, chromium, chitsulo, mkuwa, mica ndi emeralds. Zaka zambiri zankhondo zapangitsa kuti mafakitale aku Afghanistan agwe. Makampani opepuka ndi zojambula pamanja ndizofunikira kwambiri, makamaka nsalu, feteleza, simenti, zikopa, makalapeti, magetsi, shuga ndi kukonza zinthu zaulimi. Makampani opanga zaluso amawerengera pafupifupi 42% yamitengo yamafuta. Zaulimi ndi ziweto ndizitsulo zazikulu zachuma ku Afghanistan. Chiwerengero cha zaulimi ndi ziweto chimakhala ndi 80% ya anthu onse mdzikolo. Malo olimidwa ndi ochepera 10% yamalo onse mdzikolo. Mbewu zazikulu zimaphatikizapo tirigu, thonje, shuga wambiri, zipatso zouma ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana. Zida zazikuluzikulu ndi nkhosa, ng'ombe ndi mbuzi.

Mizinda yayikulu

Kabul: Kabul ndiye likulu la Afghanistan, likulu la Kabul Province komanso mzinda waukulu kwambiri ku Afghanistan. Ndi mzinda wotchuka wokhala ndi mbiri yoposa zaka 3,000 ndipo udakhala likulu la Afghanistan pambuyo pa 1773. "Kabul" amatanthauza "malo ogulitsa" mu Sindhi.

Kabul ili kum'maŵa kwa Afghanistan, kum'mwera kwa Phiri la Hindu Kush, m'chigwa chotalika mamita 1,800. Malowa ndi owopsa ndipo mapiri oyandikana nawo azunguliridwa ndi mapiri ooneka ngati U. Mtsinje wa Kabul umadutsa pakatikati pa mzindawu ndikugawa Mzinda wa Kabul kukhala awiri, mzinda wakale ku banki yakumwera ndi mzinda watsopano ku banki yakumpoto. Mzindawu uli wachuma kwambiri. Madera ambiri amalonda, nyumba zachifumu, nyumba zogona anthu okhala ndi malo okhala apamwamba ali ponseponse pano.Pali nyumba zachifumu zambiri mumzinda, zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri ndi Gulhana Palace, Palace ya Dirkusa, Saladat Palace, Rose Palace ndi Dar Aman Nyumba yachifumu etc. Dar Aman Palace ndiye mpando wanyumba yamalamulo ndi mabungwe aboma.

Mu Maywand Street mkatikati mwa Kabul, pali Chikumbutso chobiriwira cha Maywand, chozunguliridwa ndi zikwangwani zinayi. Pamapiri ozungulira mzindawu, mapiri amiyala, nsanja zakale, manda akale, mipanda yakale, matchalitchi achisilamu ndi akachisi ndizochuluka. Odziwikawo ndi Shahidusham Shira Temple, Babel Mausoleum, King Mohammed Dinard Shah Mausoleum, National Museum, Archaeological Museum, etc. Kachisi wa "Zah" kumwera kwa mzindawu ndi nyumba yosanja yachiSilamu ndipo ndi komwe Ali, yemwe adayambitsa gulu lachiShia la Chisilamu. Pali thanthwe lalikulu pafupi ndi kachisiyu pamtunda wamamita 30 mpaka 40. Msoko waukulu wa pafupifupi mita 2 m'litali ndi mita 1 m'lifupi wagawanika pakati. Malinga ndi nthano, ndiye chinthu choyera chomwe chidasiyidwa ndi lupanga la Ali chikugawaniza mwalawo.