Afuganisitani ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 652.300. Iherereye mu masangano ya Aziya y’iburengerazuba, Aziya yepfo na Aziya yo hagati. Ni ahantu h’ingenzi mu turere two gutwara abantu hagati y’amajyaruguru n’Amajyepfo. Irahana imbibi na Turukimenisitani, Uzubekisitani, na Tajigistan mu majyaruguru, agace gato kagaragara mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'Ubushinwa, mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bwa Pakisitani, no mu burengerazuba bwa Irani. Ifasi ni imisozi, ibibaya n'imisozi bigizwe na 4/5 by'akarere k'igihugu.Amajyaruguru n'amajyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba usanga ahanini ari ibibaya, kandi hari ubutayu mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba. Ikirere cy’umugabane gituma igihugu cyuma kandi ntigwa imvura, hamwe n’ubushyuhe buri mwaka n’umunsi burimunsi nibihe bigaragara.

Afuganisitani ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 652.300. Iherereye mu masangano ya Aziya y’iburengerazuba, Aziya yepfo na Aziya yo hagati, ni ahantu h’ingenzi nk’imiterere ihuza amajyaruguru n’amajyepfo. Irahana imbibi na Turukimenisitani, Uzubekisitani, na Tajigistan mu majyaruguru, agace gato kagaragara mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'Ubushinwa, mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bwa Pakisitani, no mu burengerazuba bwa Irani. Ifasi ni imisozi, ibibaya n'imisozi bigizwe na 4/5 by'akarere k'igihugu.Amajyaruguru n'amajyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba usanga ahanini ari ibibaya, kandi hari ubutayu mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba. Ikigereranyo cyo hejuru ni metero 1.000. Umusozi munini w’Abahindu Kush muri iki gihugu uva mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba ugana mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba. Inzuzi nini ni Amu Darya, Helmand, Kabul na Harirud. Ikirere cyo ku mugabane utuma igihugu cyuma kandi ntigwa imvura, hamwe n’ubushyuhe buri mwaka n’ubwa buri munsi, ibihe bigaragara, ubukonje bukabije mu itumba n’izuba ryinshi.

Afuganisitani igabanyijemo intara 33, hamwe n'intara, uturere, imidugudu, n'imidugudu munsi y'intara.

Mbere y'ikinyejana cya 15, Afuganisitani yari ihuriro ry'ubucuruzi no guhanahana umuco hagati y'Uburayi, Uburasirazuba bwo hagati n'Ubuhinde n'Uburasirazuba bwa kure. Nyuma y’inyanja iva mu Burayi yerekeza mu Buhinde mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 15, Afuganisitani yarafunzwe. Mu 1747, abaturage ba Afuganisitani birukanye abanyamahanga bateye maze bashinga ubwami bwigenga kandi bwigeze gukomera, bahinduka igihugu cy’abayisilamu nyuma y’ubwami bwa Ottoman. Mu 1878, Ubwongereza bwateye Afuganisitani ku nshuro ya kabiri bushyira umukono ku masezerano ya Gandamak na Afuganisitani, Afuganisitani itakaza ingufu z’ububanyi n'amahanga. Mu 1895, Ubwongereza n'Uburusiya byagiranye amasezerano yo kugabana abikorera ku giti cyabo akarere ka Pamir no kugena akarere ka Vakhan nk'akarere ka bffer y'Ubwongereza n'Uburusiya. Mu 1919, abaturage ba Afuganisitani babonye ubwigenge nyuma yo gutsinda igitero cya gatatu cy’Abongereza. Muri Mata 1978, Ishyaka Riharanira Demokarasi no Kurengera Ibidukikije muri Afuganisitani ryatangije ihirikwa rya gisirikare ryo guhirika guverinoma maze rihindura izina ryitwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Afuganisitani. Ingabo z'Abasoviyeti zateye Afuganisitani mu 1979. Mu Gushyingo 1987, Grand Loya Jirga muri Afuganisitani yafashe icyemezo cyo guhindura ku mugaragaro izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Afuganisitani na Repubulika ya Afuganisitani. Ku ya 15 Gashyantare 1989, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti zahatiwe gukura ingabo zayo muri Afuganisitani. Ku ya 28 Mata 1992, icyo gihugu cyiswe Leta ya Kisilamu ya Afuganisitani. Mu Kwakira 1997, iki gihugu cyiswe Emirate ya Kisilamu ya Afuganisitani. Mu Gushyingo 2004, Karzai yatorewe kuba perezida wa mbere watowe mu buryo bwa demokarasi mu mateka ya Afuganisitani ku nyungu zuzuye.

Ibendera ry'igihugu: Ku ya 5 Gashyantare 2002, Afuganisitani yafashe ibendera rishya ry'igihugu. Ibendera rishya ryakozwe hakurikijwe itegeko nshinga rya Afuganisitani ryo mu 1964 kandi rigizwe n'umurongo ucagaguye w'umukara, umutuku n'icyatsi n'ikirangantego cy'igihugu cya Afuganisitani.

Abaturage ba Afuganisitani bagera kuri miliyoni 28.5 (byagereranijwe muri Nyakanga 2004). Muri bo, abashashituni bangana na 38-44%, abatijisite bangana na 25%, kandi hari amoko arenga 20 arimo Uzubekisitani, Hazara, Turukimenisitani, Baluki na Nuristan. Indimi zemewe ni Igishinwa na Dari (ni ukuvuga Igifarisi), kandi izindi ndimi zaho zirimo Uzbek, Baloki, Turukiya, n'ibindi. Abaturage barenga 98% bemera Islam, muri bo 90% ni Abasuni naho abasigaye ni Abashiya.

Afuganisitani n’igihugu cy’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bwasubiye inyuma. Mu 1971, Umuryango w’abibumbye washyizwe ku rutonde n’umuryango w’abibumbye nkimwe mu bihugu byateye imbere ku isi. Amabuye y'agaciro ya Azaribayijan arakungahaye cyane, ariko ntabwo yateye imbere neza. Kugeza ubu, umutungo wagaragaye urimo gaze gasanzwe, amakara, umunyu, chromium, fer, umuringa, mika na zeru. Imyaka yintambara yatumye ibirindiro byinganda bya Afuganisitani bisenyuka. Ahanini inganda zoroheje nubukorikori, cyane cyane imyenda, ifumbire, sima, uruhu, itapi, ingufu zamashanyarazi, isukari nibitunganyirizwa mubuhinzi. Inganda zubukorikori zingana na 42% byumusaruro winganda. Ubuhinzi n'ubworozi ninkingi nyamukuru yubukungu bwigihugu cya Afuganisitani. Abaturage b’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bangana na 80% byabaturage bose bigihugu. Ubutaka buhingwa buri munsi ya 10% yubutaka bwose bwigihugu. Ibihingwa nyamukuru birimo ingano, ipamba, beterave isukari, imbuto zumye n'imbuto zitandukanye. Ibikomoka ku bworozi nyamukuru ni intama zifite ibinure, inka n'ihene.

Imijyi minini

Kabul: Kabul ni umurwa mukuru wa Afuganisitani, umurwa mukuru w'intara ya Kabul n'umujyi munini muri Afuganisitani. Numujyi uzwi cyane ufite amateka yimyaka irenga 3.000 uba umurwa mukuru wa Afuganisitani nyuma ya 1773. "Kabul" bisobanura "ikigo cy'ubucuruzi" muri Sindhi.

< Umugezi wa Kabul unyura mu mujyi rwagati ugabanya Umujyi wa Kabul mo kabiri, umujyi ushaje ku nkombe y'amajyepfo n'umujyi mushya ku nkombe y'amajyaruguru. Umujyi mushya uratera imbere cyane Ingoro n'ibindi Ingoro ya Dar Aman ni icyicaro cy'inteko ishinga amategeko n'inzego za leta.

Mu Muhanda wa Maywand rwagati muri Kabul, hari Urwibutso rwatsi rwa Maywand, ruzengurutse ibisasu bine. Ku misozi ikikije umujyi, imisozi yamabuye, iminara ya kera, imva za kera, ibihome bya kera, amatorero ya kisilamu ninsengero ni byinshi. Ibyamamare ni urusengero rwa Shahidusham Shira, Ikigoro cya Babel, Umwami Mohammed Dinard Shah Mausoleum, Ingoro Ndangamurage, Inzu Ndangamurage ya kera, n'ibindi. Urusengero rwa "Zah" mu majyepfo y’umujyi ni inyubako yubatswe n’ubuyisilamu kandi ni inzu ya Ali, washinze agatsiko k’abashiya b’abayisilamu. Hano hari urutare runini nko muri metero 30 kugeza kuri 40 uvuye kurusengero, kandi ikidodo kinini gifite metero 2 z'uburebure na metero 1 z'ubugari kigabanijwe hagati.Imigani ivuga ko ari ibisigisigi byera byasizwe n'inkota ya Ali atema ibuye.