Afghanistan inovhara nzvimbo inokwana mazana matanhatu emakiromita mazana matanhatu nemakumi matatu nemazana matatu.Iyo iri pamharadzano yeWest Asia, South Asia neCentral Asia.Inzvimbo yakakosha yenzvimbo yekutakura pakati peNorth neSouth. Inoganhurirwa neTurkmenistan, Uzbekistan, neTajikistan kuchamhembe, chidimbu chakatetepa chekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva chinoganhura China, kumabvazuva uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kumiganhu yePakistan, uye kumadokero kwemiganhu neIran. Iyo nharaunda ine makomo, mapani uye makomo anotora 4/5 yenharaunda yenyika.Yokuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kazhinji mapani, uye kune magwenga kumaodzanyemba kumadokero. Mamiriro ekunze emakondinendi anoita kuti nyika iome uye isanaye mvura, iine tembiricha huru yegore negore uye yezuva nezuva uye mwaka wakajeka.

Afghanistan inovhara nharaunda yemazana matanhatu emakiromita mazana matanhatu nemakumi matatu nemazana matatu. Inowanikwa pamharadzano yeWest Asia, South Asia neCentral Asia, inzvimbo yakakosha yenzvimbo senhare yekubatanidza pakati peNorth neSouth. Inoganhurirwa neTurkmenistan, Uzbekistan neTajikistan kuchamhembe, chidimbu chakatetepa chekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva chinoganhura China, kumabvazuva nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kumiganhu yePakistan, uye kumadokero kwemiganhu neIran. Iyo nharaunda ine makomo, mapani uye makomo account ye4 / 5 yenharaunda yenyika, kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kune mapani, uye kune magwenga kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero. Ivhareji yekukwira ndeye 1,000 metres. Gomo rakakura kwazvo reHindu Kush munyika ino rinomhanya diagonally kubva kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kusvika kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero. Nzizi huru ndiAmu Darya, Helmand, Kabul uye Harirud. Mamiriro ekunze emakondinendi anoita kuti nyika iome uye isanaye mvura, iine tembiricha huru yegore negore uye yezuva nezuva, mwaka wakajeka, kutonhora kwakanyanya muchando uye kupisa kwakanyanya kwezhizha.

Afghanistan yakakamurwa kuita matunhu makumi matatu nematatu, ayo akapatsanurwa kuita matunhu, matunhu, mataundishipi, nemisha.

Zana ramakore regumi neshanu risati rasvika, Afghanistan yaive nzvimbo yekutengeserana nekutsinhana kwetsika pakati peEurope, Middle East neIndia neFar East. Mushure mekunge nzira yegungwa kubva kuEurope kuenda kuIndia yakavhurwa pakupera kwezana ramakore regumi nemashanu, Afghanistan yakavharwa. Muna 1747, vanhu veAfghan vakadzinga vapambi vekunze uye vakasimbisa nyika yakazvimirira uye yaimbosimba yeAfghan Kingdom, ikava nyika yeMuslim yechipiri chete kuhutongi hweOttoman. Muna 1878, Britain yakapinda Afghanistan kechipiri ikasaina Chibvumirano cheGandamak neAfghanistan, uye Afghanistan yakarasikirwa nemasimba. Muna 1895, Britain neRussia vakapedzisa chibvumirano chekuparadzanisa nharaunda yePamir uye vape nzvimbo yeVakhan senzvimbo yeBritish-Russian buffer zone. Muna 1919, vanhu veAfghan vakawana rusununguko mushure mekukunda kwechitatu kupinda kweBritish. Muna Kubvumbi 1978, Afghan People's Democratic Party yakatanga chirongwa chemauto kupidigura hurumende ndokushandura zita rayo kuva Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. Mauto eSoviet akapinda Afghanistan muna 1979. MunaNovember 1987, Great Loya Jirga muAfghanistan vakaita danho rekushandura zviri pamutemo zita reDemocratic Republic of Afghanistan kuenda kuRepublic of Afghanistan. Musi waFebruary 15, 1989, Soviet Union yakamanikidzwa kubvisa mauto ayo kubva kuAfghanistan. Musi waApril 28, 1992, nyika yakapihwa zita rekuti Islamic State yeAfghanistan. Muna Gumiguru 1997, nyika yakapihwa zita rekuti Islamic Emirate yeAfghanistan. MunaNovember 2004, Karzai akasarudzwa semutungamiri wekutanga akasununguka mukuzvitonga muAfghanistan nhoroondo nemukana wakazara.

Mureza weNyika: Musi waFebruary 5, 2002, Afghanistan yakagamuchira mureza mutsva wenyika. Mureza mutsva wenyika wakagadzirwa zvinoenderana neBumbiro reMitemo raAfghan ra1964 uye inoumbwa nemavara matema, matsvuku, uye egirini uye chiratidzo chenyika yeAfghan.

Vagari vemuAfghanistan vangangoita mamirioni 28.5 (inofungidzirwa muna Chikunguru 2004). Pakati pavo, Pashtuns account ye38-44%, Tajiks account ye25%, uye kune anopfuura makumi maviri madzinza madiki anosanganisira Uzbek, Hazara, Turkmen, Baluch neNuristan. Mitauro yepamutemo ndeyePashto uye Dari (kureva Persian). Mimwe mitauro yemuno inosanganisira Uzbek, Baluchistan, Turkish, nezvimwe. Vanopfuura 98% yevagari vanotenda muIslam, avo makumi mapfumbamwe muzana vari maSunni uye vamwe vese maShia.

Afghanistan inyika yekumashure yekurima uye yekuchengeta zvipfuyo. Muna 1971, yaive yakanyorwa neUnited Nations seimwe yenyika dzisina kusimukira pasi rose. Azerbaijan zviwanikwa zvemaminera zvakapfuma, asi hazvina kunyatso kuvandudzwa. Parizvino, zviwanikwa zvinoratidzwa zvinonyanya kusanganisira gasi rechisikigo, marasha, munyu, chromium, iron, mhangura, mica uye emeralds. Makore ehondo akonzera iyo indasitiri hwaro hweAfghanistan kudonha. Chiedza maindasitiri uye emaoko ndiwo makuru maindasitiri, kunyanya machira, mafetiraiza, samende, dehwe, kapeti, magetsi, shuga uye zvekurima zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa. Handicraft indasitiri maakaunzi angangoita makumi mana kubva muzana muzana emabhizimusi anoburitsa kukosha. Zvekurima nekuchengeta zvipfuyo ndiyo mbiru huru dzehupfumi hwenyika yeAfghanistan. Huwandu hwevanhu vekurima nekuchengeta zvipfuyo vanosvika 80% yehuwandu hwenyika. Nyika yakarimwa iri pasi pegumi muzana yenzvimbo dzenyika yose. Zvirimwa zvikuru zvinosanganisira gorosi, donje, shuga beet, michero yakaomeswa nemichero yakasiyana. Midziyo mikuru yezvipfuyo ndeye makwai ane muswe wakakora, mombe nembudzi.

Maguta makuru

Kabul: Kabul ndiro guta guru reAfghanistan, guta guru reKabul Province uye guta guru muAfghanistan. Iri iguta rine mukurumbira rine nhoroondo yeanopfuura makore zviuru zvitatu uye rakava guta guru reAfghanistan mushure me1773. "Kabul" zvinoreva "nzvimbo yekutengeserana" muSindhi.

Kabul iri kumabvazuva kweAfghanistan, pazasi pegomo reHindu Kush Mountain, pamupata uri pakakwirira mamita 1,800. Nzvimbo iyi ine njodzi uye makomo akapoteredzwa akakomberedzwa nemakomo akaita seU. Rwizi rweKabul runoyerera nepakati peguta uye rwunokamura Kabul City kuita maviri, neguta rekare kumahombekombe ekumaodzanyemba uye neguta nyowani kuchamhembe kwebhangi. Guta nyowani rakabudirira. Nzvimbo zhinji dzemabhizinesi, dzimba dzamambo, dzimba dzekugara nedzimba dzekumusoro dzakakomberedzwa pano.Pane dzimba zhinji dzemumuzinda, dzakakurumbira ndedzeGulhana Palace, Dirkusa Palace, Saladat Palace, Rose Palace uye Dar Aman Muzinda wamambo. Dar Aman Palace ndiyo chigaro cheparamende nematare ehurumende.

Mumugwagwa waMaywand uri pakati peKabul, pane Chiumbwa cheMaywand chakasvibira, chakakomberedzwa nemakononi mana. Pamakomo akakomberedza guta, makomo ematombo, shongwe dzekare, makuva ekare, nhare dzekare, chechi dzeIslam uye tembere zvakawanda. Iwo anozivikanwa ndeaya Shahidusham Shira Tembere, Babel Mausoleum, King Mohammed Dinard Shah Mausoleum, National Museum, Archaeological Museum, nezvimwe. Iyo "Zah" shrine iri kumaodzanyemba kweguta chivakwa cheIslam chine maratidziro edzimba uye ndiko kunogara Ali, muvambi weboka reShia reIslam. Kune dombo hombe rinosvika mamaera makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana kubva patembere.Musono mukuru wakareba mamita maviri uye mita imwe paupamhi wakapatsanurwa pakati.Pano maererano nengano, ndicho chitsvene chitsvene chakasiiwa nemunondo waAli uchipatsanura dombo.