Afghanistan muaj thaj tsam ntawm 652,300 square km. Nws nyob ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm West Asia, South Asia thiab Central Asia .Nws yog qhov chaw thaj chaw tseem ceeb rau kev thauj mus los ntawm North thiab South. Nws nyob ntawm ciam teb Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, thiab Tajikistan mus rau sab qaum teb, ib txoj kab nqaim nqaim mus rau sab qaum teb ciam teb rau Tuam Tshoj, sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub tuaj ciam teb Pakistan, thiab sab hnub poob ciam teb Iran. Thaj chaw yog roob, toj siab thiab roob nyob 4/5 ntawm lub teb chaws thaj chaw, sab qaum teb thiab qab teb kawg feem ntau yog tiaj, thiab qab teb hnub poob muaj suab puam. Cov huab cua tseem ceeb ua rau lub teb chaws qhuav thiab tsis tau los nag, nrog loj txhua xyoo thiab txhua hnub qhov kub thiab tsis sib txawv thiab lub caij pom tseeb.

Afghanistan muaj ntau thaj tsam ntawm 652,300 square km. Nyob rau ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm West Asia, South Asia thiab Central Asia, nws yog thaj chaw tseem ceeb uas yog qhov chaw sib txuas tseem ceeb ntawm North thiab South. Nws nyob ntawm ciam teb Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, thiab Tajikistan mus rau sab qaum teb, ib txoj kab nqaim nqaim mus rau sab qaum teb ciam teb rau Tuam Tshoj, sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub tuaj ciam teb Pakistan, thiab sab hnub poob ciam teb Iran. Thaj chaw yog roob, toj siab thiab roob muaj txog 4/5 ntawm thaj av ntawm lub teb chaws, sab qaum teb thiab qab teb kawg feem ntau yog tiaj, thiab muaj suab puam nyob rau sab qab teb kawg. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm nruab nrab yog 1,000 meters. Qhov loj tshaj plaws Kush Roob roob hauv lub teb chaws khiav ncaj ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau qab teb kawg. Cov dej ntws loj yog Amu Darya, Helmand, Kabul thiab Harirud. Cov huab cua tseem ceeb ua rau lub teb chaws qhuav thiab tsis los nag, nrog loj txhua xyoo thiab txhua hnub qhov kub tsis sib xws, pom tseeb rau lub caij, txias heev nyob rau lub caij ntuj no thiab lub caij sov heev.

Afghanistan tau muab faib ua 33 lub xeev, nrog cov nroog, cheeb tsam, cov nroog, thiab cov nroog hauv qab cov xeev.

Ua ntej xyoo 15th, Afghanistan yog qhov chaw ntawm kev sib pauv lus thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Europe, Middle East thiab Is Nrias teb thiab Far East. Tom qab hiav txwv txoj kev hla Tebchaws Europe mus rau Is Nrias teb tau qhib thaum kawg ntawm xyoo pua 15th, Afghanistan tau raug kaw. Xyoo 1747, cov neeg Afghan tau ntiab tawm txawv teb chaws cov neeg txeeb chaw thiab tau tsim kev ywj pheej thiab muaj peev xwm muaj tebchaws Afghanistan ib zaug, dhau los ua lub teb chaws Muslim thib ob rau Ottoman Empire. Xyoo 1878, Tebchaws Askiv tau nkag tebchaws Afghanistan thib ob thiab kos npe rau Gandamak Treaty nrog Afghanistan, thiab Afghanistan poob rau nws lub tebchaws tseem hwv. Xyoo 1895, Tebchaws Askiv thiab Lav Xias xaus lus pom zoo kom faib thaj chaw Pamir ntiag tug thiab xaiv Vakhan cheeb tsam ua thaj tsam Askiv-Lavxias tsis zoo. Xyoo 1919, cov neeg Afghan tau txais kev ywj pheej tom qab los tawm tsam kev cuam tshuam rau tebchaws Askiv thib peb. Lub Plaub Hlis 1978, Pab Tib Neeg Pab Tib Neeg Afghan tau koom tes tawm tsam tub rog los rhuav tshem tsoomfwv thiab tau hloov nws lub npe mus rau tebchaws ywj pheej. Cov tub rog Soviet nkag rau Afghanistan nyob rau xyoo 1979. Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1987, Great Loya Jirga nyob rau Afghanistan tau txiav txim siab los hloov lub npe ntawm Koom pheej ywj pheej ntawm lub tebchaws rau Afghanistan ntawm koom pheej rau Afghanistan. Lub Ob Hlis 15, 1989, Soviet Union tau yuam kom rho nws cov tub rog los ntawm Afghanistan. Lub Plaub Hlis 28, 1992, lub teb chaws tau hloov npe hu ua Islamic State of Afghanistan. Lub Kaum Hlis 1997, lub teb chaws tau hloov npe hu ua Islamic Emirate ntawm Afghanistan. Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2004, Karzai tau raug xaiv thawj zaug xaiv tsa los ntawm kev xaiv nom tswv hauv Afghanistan keeb kwm los ntawm kev muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Lub Tebchaws Tus Chij: Lub Peb Hlis 5, 2002, Afghanistan tau lees txais tus chij tshiab ntawm lub tebchaws. Lub teb chaws chij tshiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv raws li xyoo 1964 Afghan Cai thiab muaj cov xim dub, liab, thiab ntsuab thiab cov cim ntawm Afghan.

Cov neeg Afghanistan muaj kwv yees li 28,5 lab (khwv yees thaum Lub Xya Hli 2004). Ntawm lawv, Pashtuns suav 38-44%, Tajiks suav 25%, thiab muaj ntau dua 20 haiv neeg tsawg suav nrog Uzbek, Hazara, Turkmen, Baluch thiab Nuristan. Cov lus hauv teb chaws yog Pashto thiab Dari (i.e. Persian) Lwm hom lus hauv zos suav nrog Uzbek, Baluchistan, Turkish, thiab lwm yam. Ntau tshaj li 98% ntawm cov pej xeem ntseeg Islam, ntawm 90% yog Sunni thiab seem yog Shia.

Afghanistan yog ib lub teb chaws thim rov qab ua liaj ua teb thiab ua tsiaj muaj tsiaj nyob hauv xyoo 1971, nws tau teev npe los ntawm United Nations ua ib lub teb chaws tsawg tshaj plaws nyob hauv ntiaj teb. Azerbaijan cov chaw hauv thaj av muaj kev nplua nuj ntau, tab sis lawv tsis tau muaj kev loj hlob zoo. Tam sim no, cov khoom siv pov thawj feem ntau suav nrog cov nkev roj, thee, ntsev, chromium, hlau, tooj liab, mica thiab emeralds. Xyoo ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog tau ua rau lub chaw lag luam ntawm Afghanistan tawg. Lub teeb kev lag luam thiab cov khoom siv tes yog qhov kev lag luam tseem ceeb, feem ntau yog textiles, chiv, cement, tawv, pua pua, hluav taws xob, qab zib thiab cov khoom ua liaj ua teb. Handicraft kev lag luam tso nyiaj yog kwv yees li 42% ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam. Kev ua liaj ua teb thiab tsiaj txhu ua lub luag haujlwm yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev lag luam hauv tebchaws Afghanistan. Cov pej xeem ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb thiab tsiaj cov tsiaj muaj txog 80% ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem ntawm lub teb chaws. Cov av faus av tsawg dua 10% ntawm tag nrho thaj av ntawm lub teb chaws. Cov qoob loo tseem ceeb suav nrog cov nplej, paj rwb, qab zib beets, txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav thiab ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov tsiaj tseem ceeb yog cov muaj roj muaj roj, muaj nyuj thiab tshis.

Lub nroog loj

Kabul: Kabul yog lub nroog ntawm Afghanistan, lub peev ntawm Kabul xeev thiab yog nroog loj tshaj plaws nyob hauv Afghanistan. Nws yog lub nroog nto moo nrog keeb kwm ntau dua 3,000 xyoo thiab tau los ua lub peev ntawm Afghanistan tom qab 1773. "Kabul" txhais tau tias "cov chaw lag luam" hauv Sindhi.

Kabul yog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Afghanistan, nyob rau yav qab teb ntawm lub Roob Hindu Kush, ntawm lub kwj ha ntawm qhov siab ntawm 1,800 metres. Tus Dej Kabul ntws hla lub nroog lub nroog thiab faib Kabul Lub Nroog ua ob, nrog lub nroog qub nyob ntawm ntug dej sab qab teb thiab lub nroog tshiab nyob sab qaum teb. Lub nroog tshiab no kuj muaj kev vam meej. Feem ntau ntawm cov tuam tsev ua lag luam, cov nroog me, cov chaw nyob thiab cov chaw siab siab tau nyob ntawm no. Palace thiab lwm yam. Dar Aman Palace yog lub rooj zaum ntawm parliament thiab tsoomfwv cov chaw haujlwm.

Hauv Maywand Street nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm Kabul, muaj ntsuab Maywand Monument, puag ncig ntawm plaub cannons. Nyob ntawm lub toj nyob ib puag ncig lub nroog, cov roob pob zeb, cov yees thaum ub, cov qhov ntxa puag thaum ub, cov tub rog thaum ub, cov tsev teev hawm Islamic thiab cov tuam tsev muaj ntau heev. Cov muaj npe nrov yog Shahidu Shamshirah Tuam Tsev, Babel Mausoleum, Vaj Ntxwv Mohammed Dinard Shah Mausoleum, Tsev khaws puav pheej National, Tsev khaws puav pheej Archaeological, thiab lwm yam. Lub thaj neeb "Zah" nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub nroog yog ib lub tsev Islamic-ru tsev thiab yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm Ali, tus tsim ntawm Shia sect ntawm Islam. Muaj ib lub pob zeb loj loj li ntawm 30 txog 40 metres ntawm lub thaj neeb. Ib lub rooj zaum loj txog 2 meters ntev thiab 1 meter dav yog sib cais hauv plawv. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, nws yog qhov qub txeeg qub teg sab laug los ntawm Ali rab ntaj cais cov pob zeb loj.