Iseraela ʻIke kumu
Manawa kūloko | Kou manawa |
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Kahi wā kūloko | ʻOkoʻa ʻāpana manawa |
UTC/GMT +2 hola |
latitu / longitude |
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31°25'6"N / 35°4'24"E |
iso hoʻopāʻālua |
IL / ISR |
kālā |
Sekela (ILS) |
ʻLelo |
Hebrew (official) Arabic (used officially for Arab minority) English (most commonly used foreign language) |
uila |
ʻAno c European 2-pin ʻano h israel 3-pin |
hae aupuni |
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kapikala |
Ierusalema |
papa inoa panakō |
Iseraela papa inoa panakō |
heluna kanaka |
7,353,985 |
ʻāpana |
20,770 KM2 |
GDP (USD) |
272,700,000,000 |
kelepona |
3,594,000 |
Kelepono paʻa lima |
9,225,000 |
Ka helu o nā pūnaewele Pūnaewele |
2,483,000 |
Ka helu o nā mea hoʻohana Pūnaewele |
4,525,000 |
Iseraela hoʻolauna
Aia ʻo Israel ma ke komohana o ʻAsia, ka palena o Lebanona ma ka ʻākau, Suria ma ka ʻākau hikina, ʻo Ioredane ma ka hikina, ke Kai Kaiwaenahonua ma ke komohana, a me ke awāwa ʻo ʻAqaba ma ka hema. ʻO ia ka hui o nā ʻāpana ʻekolu o ʻĀkia, ʻApelika a me ʻEulopa. He aniau Kaiwaenahonua ka mauna a me ka papu. He moʻolelo lōʻihi ko ʻIseraʻela a ʻo ia ka ʻāina hānau o ka Iudaio, Hoʻomana Mohameka a me ka hoʻomana Kalikiano. Wahi a ka 1947 United Nations Resolution ma ka Māhele o Palestine, ʻo ka wahi o ʻIseraʻela he 14,900 kilomika kilomika. ʻO Israel Israel, ka inoa piha o ka Mokuʻāina o ʻIseraʻela, e like me ka 1947 United Nations Resolution on the Partition of Palestine, ka ʻāpana o ka Mokuʻāina o Israel he 14,900 kilomika kilomika. Aia ia ma ke komohana o ʻAsia, ka palena o Lebanona ma ka ʻākau, Suria ma ka ʻākau hikina, ʻo Ioredane ma ka hikina, ke Kai Kaiwaenahonua ma ke komohana, a me ke awāwa ʻo ʻAqaba ma ka hema. ʻO ia ka hui o ʻAsia, ʻApelika a me ʻEulopa. He papu loloa a ololi ko laila, me na mauna a me na papu ma ka hikina. He aniau Mediterranean kona. He moʻolelo lōʻihi kā ʻIseraʻela a ʻo ia ka ʻāina hānau o nā hoʻomana nui o ko ka honua nei ka Iudaio, Hoʻomana Mohameka a me ka hoʻomana Kalikiano. ʻO nā kūpuna Iudaio mamao loa nā Hebera, kahi lālā o ka Semit kahiko. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 13 BC, ua neʻe ʻo ia i Palesetina mai ʻAigupita a hoʻokumu i ke Aupuni Hebera a me ke Aupuni o ʻIseraʻela. I 722 a me 586 BC, ua lilo nā aupuni ʻelua i ko ʻAsuria a laila luku ʻia e ko Babulona. Ua hoʻouka kaua ko Roma i ka makahiki 63 BC, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā Iudaio ua kipaku ʻia lākou mai Palesetina a hele aku i loko o ke pio ʻana ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika. Ua noho ʻia ʻo Palestine e ka Emepaea ʻAlapia i ka kenekulia 7, a ua lilo ka poʻe ʻAlapia i mea nui loa o nā kamaʻāina o ia wahi. Ua hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Palestine e ka Ottoman Empire i ka 16 kenekulia. I ka makahiki 1922, ua hala ka Hui o nā Aupuni i ka "Mandate Mandate" o ke Aupuni Hui Pū ʻia ma Palesetina, e kuhikuhi ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi "Hale o ka Iudaio Iudaio" ma Palesetina. Ma hope, ua neʻe nā Iudaio mai nā wahi a puni o ka honua i Palesetina i ka nui. Ma Nowemapa 29, 1947, ua hoʻoholo ka United Nations General Assembly i kahi hoʻoholo e hoʻokumu i ka mokuʻāina ʻArabia a me ka mokuʻāina Iudaio ma Palesetina. Ua hoʻokumu paʻa ʻia ka Mokuʻāina o ʻIseraʻela ma Mei 14, 1948. hae aupuni: he huinahā lōʻihi, ʻo ka lakio o ka loa i ka laulā ma kahi o 3: 2. Keʻokeʻo ka pae hae me kahi kāʻei polū ma luna a me lalo. ʻO nā kala polū a me nā keʻokeʻo mai ka kala o ka shawl i hoʻohana ʻia e nā Iudaio i ka pule. Aia ma waenakonu o ka hae keʻokeʻo kahi hōkū ʻeono kihi ʻeono. ʻO kēia ka hōkū o ka Mōʻī Dāvida o ka ʻIseraʻela kahiko a hōʻailona i ka mana o ka ʻāina. < Ierusalema: Aia ʻo Ierusalema ma nā puʻu ʻehā o ka mauna ʻo Iudea ma ka waena o Palestine. He kūlanakauhale mōʻaukala kaulana loa ia me nā moʻolelo he 5,000 a ʻoi paha. Hoʻopuni ʻia e nā kuahiwi, uhi ia i kahi o 158 kilomika kilomika a pili ia i ke kūlanakauhale kahiko ma ka hikina a me ke kūlanakauhale hou ma ke komohana. Ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 835 mau mika a me 634,000 (2000), ʻo ia ke kūlanakauhale nui loa ma ʻIseraʻela. He kūlanakauhale haipule haipule ke kūlanakauhale kahiko o Ierusalema a me kahi hānau o nā hoʻomana nui ʻekolu o ka Iudaio, Hoʻomana Mohameka a me ka hoʻomana Kalikiano. ʻO ka hoʻomana a me ka moʻomeheu, ka mōʻaukala a me nā hoʻomana haipule, a me nā wahi laʻa a me nā hale pule, e hoʻolilo iā Ierusalema i kūlanakauhale hoʻohanohano e nā Iudaio, nā Karistiano a me nā Muslim. Ua kapa ʻia ka wahi o Ierusalema ma ka inoa ʻo "Jebus" no ka mea ma mua loa, ua neʻe mai kahi ʻohana o ko Kanaʻana ʻArabia ʻo "Jebus" mai ka Peninsula ʻo ʻArabia e noho ma aneʻi a kūkulu i nā kauhale. E kūkulu i hale kākela a e kapa i kēia inoa ma hope o ka ʻohana. Ma hope mai, kūkulu nā Kanaʻana he kūlanakauhale ma aneʻi a kapa ʻia "Yuro Salim". Ma kahi o hoʻokahi kaukani mau makahiki BC, ua lanakila ʻo David, ka mea hoʻokumu o ke aupuni Iudaio, i kēia wahi a hoʻohana ʻo ia ma ke kapikala o ke aupuni Iudaio. Ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka inoa "Yuro Salim". No ka hana ʻana i Hebera, ua kapa ʻia ia " Euro Salam ". Ua unuhi ʻo Kina i kēia ma ke ʻano ʻo "Jerusalem", ʻo ia hoʻi "City of Peace". Kapa ka poʻe ʻArabia i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo "Gourdes", a i ʻole "City Hemolele". Lo He kulanakauhale loihi o lerusa- lema kahi e noho like ai ko Palesetine a me ko lssrslia. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, i ka 10 kenekulia BC, ua kū aʻe ka noho aliʻi o ke keiki kāne a Dāvida ʻo Solomon i ka noho aliʻi, a kūkulu ʻia i luakini Iudaio ma ka mauna ʻo Ziona i Ierusalema. ʻO ia ke kikowaena o nā hana haipule a me nā hana politika a nā Iudaio, no laila ua lawe ʻo Iudaio iā Ierusalema ma kahi hemolele. Ma hope mai, ua kūkulu ʻia he pā kūlanakauhale ma nā wahi o nā hale o nā luakini, i kapa ʻia ka "paia uē" e nā Iudaio, a ua lilo ia i mea nui hoʻomana o ka Iudaio i kēia lā. p i mai kona hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana, ua kūkulu hou ʻia ke Kulanaka Kahiko o Ierusalema i 18 mau manawa. I ka makahiki 1049 BC, ʻo ia ke kūlanakauhale kahiko o ke aupuni kahiko o ʻIseraʻela ma lalo o ka noho aliʻi ʻana o ka Mōʻī Dāvida. I ka makahiki 586 BC, ua hoʻopio ke aliʻi ʻo Nebukaneza II o Babulona Hou (i kēia manawa ʻo ʻIraka) i ke kūlanakauhale a wāwahi ʻia i ka honua. I ka makahiki 532 BC, ua hoʻouka kaua ʻia a noho ʻia e ka Mōʻī o Peresia. Ma hope o ke kenekulia 4 BC, ua pili paʻa ʻo Ierusalema i nā aupuni o Makedonia, Ptolemy, a me Seleucid. I ka wā i lilo ai ʻo Roma iā Ierusalema i ka makahiki 63 BC, kipaku lākou i nā Iudaio mai ke kūlanakauhale aku. ʻO ka hana hoʻomāinoino Roma i nā Iudaio ma Palesetine ka mea i hana i nā kipi nui ʻehā. Ua hana ko Roma i kahi kaohi koko, luku ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona Iudaio, a he nui ka nui o nā Iudaio i hao ʻia i ʻEulopa a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka hoʻoluhi. ʻO ka poʻe Iudaio i ola i ka pōʻino i ʻauheʻe kekahi i kekahi, ʻo ka mea nui i Pelekane, Palani, ʻItalia, Kelemania a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o kēia wā, a ma hope he nui i Russia, Hikina ʻEulopa, ʻAkau ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, a pēlā aku, a mai ia manawa mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mōʻaukala weliweli o ka lawe pio Iudaio. I ka makahiki 636 M. K., ua lanakila ka poʻe Arabia ma luna o ko Roma. Mai ia manawa, noho lōʻihi ʻo Ierusalema ma lalo o ka hoʻomalu Muslim. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 11, ua hoʻokumu ka Pope o Roma a me nā mōʻī o ʻEulopa i nā kaua he nui i ka inoa o "Recovering the Holy City". Ma 1099, ua hoʻopio ka Crusaders iā Ierusalema a laila hoʻokumu i ka "Aupuni o Ierusalema." Ua hala hoʻokahi haneli haneli. I ka makahiki 1187, ua lanakila ka Arab Arab Saladin i ka Crusaders i ke kaua ʻo Hedian ma ka ʻākau o Palestine a loaʻa hou iā Ierusalema. Mai ka makahiki 1517 a i mua o ke Kaua Honua Honua, aia ʻo Ierusalema ma lalo o ke aupuni o ka Mōʻī Ottoman. Lohe kokoke i ke kaona ʻo Betelehema, 17 kilomita hema o Ierusalema, aia kekahi ana i kapa ʻia ʻo Mahed. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua hānau ʻia ʻo Iesū i loko o kēia ana, a ua kūkulu ʻia ka hale pule ʻo Mahed ma laila. Ua aʻo ʻo Iesū ma Ierusalema i kona wā ʻōpio, a ma hope ua haʻi ʻōlelo ma aneʻi, e kapa ana iā ia iho ʻo Kristo (ʻo ia hoʻi ka Mea Hoola), a ma hope ua kaulia ʻia e nā luna Iudaio ma ke keʻa ma waho o ke kūlanakauhale a kanu ʻia ma laila. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Legend e ala mai ʻo Iesū mai ka hale kupapaʻu 3 mau lā ma hope o kona make ʻana a piʻi i ka lani 40 mau lā ma hope. I ka makahiki 335 M., ʻo Hilana, ka makuahine o ka Emepela Roma kahiko ʻo Constantine I, i holo huakaʻi i Ierusalema a kūkulu i kahi hale pule o ke ala hou ʻana ma ka ilina o Iesū, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka Church of the Holy Sepulcher. No laila, manaʻo ka hoʻomana Kalikiano iā Ierusalema ma ke ʻano he wahi hemolele. i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 7, ua haʻi aku ka makāula o Hoʻomana Mohameka i ka ʻAlapia ʻAlapia a ua kūʻē ʻia e nā aliʻi kūloko ma Meka. I kekahi pō, ua ala ʻo ia mai ka moeʻuhane a holo i kahi lio hina hina kālā me kahi poʻo wahine i hoʻouna ʻia e kahi ʻānela. Mai Meka a i Ierusalema, ua hehi ʻo ia i kahi pōhaku laʻa a lele i nā lani ʻeiwa. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻoulu mai ka lani mai, ua hoʻi ʻo ia i Meka i kēlā pō. ʻO kēia ka "Night Walk a me Dangxiao" kaulana loa i Hoʻomana Mohameka, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā aʻo nui a ka poʻe Mahometa. Ma muli o kēia kaʻao huakaʻi hele i ka pō, ua lilo ʻo Ierusalema i wahi ʻekolu o ka wahi hemolela ma Islam ma hope o Meka a me Medina. no ka mea ʻo Ierusalema ka ʻekolu mau wahi haipule nui. I mea e hoʻokūkū ai no ka pūnaewele kapu, ua nui nā kaua ʻino ma aneʻi mai ka wā kahiko. Ua wāwahi ʻia ʻo Ierusalema i ka honua i nā manawa he 18, akā ua hoʻāla hou ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa. ʻO ke kumu kumu he kahua hemolele hoʻomana hoʻomana ia e ʻike ʻia ma ka honua. Wahi a kekahi poʻe he kūlanakauhale nani ʻo Ierusalema ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka honua i luku pinepine ʻia akā mahalo nui ʻia. Ma mua o 1860, he pā kūlanakauhale ko Ierusalema, a ua māhelehele ʻia ke kūlanakauhale i nā wahi noho ʻehā: Iudaio, Muslim, Armenian, a me Christian. I kēlā manawa, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe Iudaio, ka mea i hana i ka hapa nui o ko ke kūlanakauhale kūlanakauhale, e kūkulu i nā wahi noho hou ma waho o nā paia, a hoʻokumu i ke kumu o Ierusalema hou. Mai kahi kaona liʻiliʻi a i kahi kūlanakauhale nui holomua, kūkulu ʻia nā wahi noho hou he nui, a hōʻike kēlā me kēia wahi noho i nā ʻano o kahi hui noho kūikawā ma laila. ʻO ke kūlanakauhale hou o Ierusalema aia i ke komohana. Ua hoʻokumu mālie ʻia ma hope o ke kenekulia 19. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka nui o ke kūlanakauhale kahiko. ʻO ka home nui ia i nā hale ʻepekema a me nā moʻomeheu. Aia nā hale hou i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke alanui, ma waena o ka lālani o ka hale kiʻekiʻe, nā villa hōkele a maikaʻi a me nā hale kūʻai nui me nā lehulehu, piha i nā pāka nani. Aia ke kūlanakauhale kahiko ma ka hikina, hoʻopuni ʻia e ka paia kiʻekiʻe. Aia kekahi mau pūnaewele hoʻomana kaulana i ke kūlanakauhale kahiko. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka pōhaku laʻa a Muhammad i piʻi ai i kona wā i piʻi ai i ka lani i ka pō ma kahi like me ka hale o Meka Kerr day. ʻO ka Moske Herai, ka Al-Aqsa Mosque, ke kolu o nā mosque ma ka honua ma hope o ka Mosque Hemolele o Meka a me ka luakini o ka Propeta ma Medina. Nā inoa, nā hanana a me nā hanana i pili i haʻi ʻia i loko o ka "Kauoha Kahiko" a me "Kauoha Hou" Kahi kamaʻāina, aia nā hale pule a me nā luakini e kūlike ana i ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO Ierusalema kekahi o nā kūlanakauhale mākaʻikaʻi nui loa o ka honua. He kūloko ke kūlanakauhale. Hoʻohālikelike kona poʻe kamaʻāina i ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā moʻomeheu a me nā hui lāhui, me ka mālama pono i nā lula a me ka nohona o ka nohona. ʻAʻole mālama ke kūlanakauhale i ka wā i hala, akā kūkulu pū kekahi no ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ua hoʻihoʻi pono ia i nā pūnaewele mōʻaukala, hoʻonani maikaʻi i nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā ʻoihana ʻoihana o kēia wā, nā pāka ʻoihana, a me nā wahi e hoʻonui ana, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻomau a me ka ikaika. |