Israeri, izita rakazara reNyika yeIsrael, maererano ne1947 United Nations Resolution paChikamu chePalestine, nzvimbo yeHurumende yeIsrael iri 14,900 mativi emakiromita. Iri kumadokero kweAsia, ichiganhurana neRebhanoni kuchamhembe, Siria kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, Jorodhani kumabvazuva, Gungwa reMediterranean kumadokero, uye Gungwa reAqaba kumaodzanyemba.Ndiko kusangana kweAsia, Africa neEurope. Iwo mahombekombe ibani refu uye rakamanikana, rine makomo nenzvimbo dzenzvimbo kumabvazuva. Iine mamiriro ekunze eMediterranean.

Israeri ine nhoroondo refu uye ndiyo nzvimbo yekuzvarwa kwezvitendero zvikuru zvepasi rose chiJuda, Islam neChristian. Iwo madzitateguru echiJuda aive kure aive maHebheru, bazi revaSemite vekare. Pakupera kwezana ramakore regumi nematatu BC, akatamira kuPalestine kubva kuEjipitori ndokusimbisa Humambo hweChihebheru nehumambo hweIsraeri. Muna 722 na586 BC, hushe huviri hwakakundwa nevaAsiria ndokuzoparadzwa nevaBhabhironi. MaRoma akapinda nechisimba muna 63 BC, uye maJuda mazhinji akadzingwa muPalestine vakaenda muhutapwa kuEurope nekuAmerica. Palestine yaigarwa nehushe hweArabhu muzana ramakore rechinomwe, uye maArabu kubva ipapo vakave vazhinji vevagari venzvimbo iyi. Palestine yakaunganidzwa neOttoman Humambo muzana ramakore rechi16. Muna 1922, League of Nations yakapa "Mandate Mandate" yeUnited Kingdom paPalestine, ichiti kugadzwa kwe "Imba yevaJudha Vanhu" muPalestine. Gare gare, maJuda akabva kumativi ese epasi akatamira kuPalestine nehuwandu hwavo. Musi waNovember 29, 1947, United Nations General Assembly yakapa chisungo chekumisikidza nyika yeArabhu nenyika yechiJuda muPalestine. Nyika yeIsrael yakagadzwa zviri pamutemo muna Chivabvu 14, 1948.

Mureza wenyika: Iyo yakakombama, chiyero chehurefu kusvika pahupamhi chingangoita 3: 2. Iyo mureza ivhu chena nebhuruu bhendi kumusoro uye pasi. Iyo bhuruu nemuchena mavara anouya kubva kune iro ruvara re shawl rinoshandiswa nemaJuda mumunamato. Pakati pemureza muchena pane nyeredzi yebhuruu inonongedzwa nhanhatu.Iyi nyeredzi yaMambo David weIsraeri yekare, inomiririra simba renyika.

Israeri ine huwandu hwevanhu mamirioni 7.15 (muna Kubvumbi 2007, kusanganisira vagari vechiJuda veWest Bank neEast Jerusalem), ayo mamirioni 5.72 maJuda, achiverengera 80% (ingangoita 44% yevaJuda mamirioni gumi nematatu pasi rese), Kune mamirioni 1.43 emaArabu, achiverengera makumi maviri muzana, uye chiverengero chidiki cheDruze neBedouins. Huwandu hwevanhu hwekukura ndeye 1.7%, uye huwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu huwandu hwevanhu mazana maviri nemakumi mana nemana pamakiromita. Zvese zviri zviviri chiHebheru nechiArabic mitauro yepamutemo, uye Chirungu chinowanzo shandiswa. Vazhinji vevagari vanotenda muchiJuda, nepo vamwe vese vachitenda muIslam, chiKristu nezvimwe zvitendero.

Kwemakore anodarika makumi mashanu, Israel, nenzvimbo yayo ine hushoma nekushomeka kwezviwanikwa, yakaramba ichingotora nzira yemunyika yakasimba nesainzi nehunyanzvi, ichiteerera dzidzo nekudzidziswa kwevashandi, kuitira kuti hupfumi hwenyika husimukire nekukurumidza.Muna 1999, iyo GDP yemunhu yakasvika 1. $ 60,000. Kuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri epamusoro-soro eIsrael kwakwezva kutariswa kwepasirese, kunyanya netekinoroji dzepamberi uye zvakanakira zvemagetsi, kutaurirana, software yemakomputa, zvekurapa, biotechnology engineering, kurima, uye ndege. Israel iri pamucheto kwenzvimbo yerenje uye haina zviwanikwa zvemvura. Kushomeka kwakakomba kwemvura kwakatungamira Israeri kuti vagadzire tekinoroji yakasarudzika yekudiridza mvura-yekuchengetedza mvura mune zvekurima, ichishandisa zvakazara zviwanikwa zvemvura zviripo nekushandura gwenga rakakura kuita oasis. Varimi vane isingasviki 5% yehuwandu hwevanhu havangodyise vanhu chete, asi vanotengesawo kunze huwandu hwakawanda hwemichero yemhando yepamusoro, miriwo, maruva nedonje.

Gomo reTemberi ndiyo nzvimbo yakakosha kupfuura dzose kumaJuda.Soromoni, mwanakomana waMambo David weJudhiya muzana ramakore rekutanga BC, akatora makore manomwe akapedza mazana maviri ezviuru zvevanhu pachikomo chemuJerusarema, chakazove chakakurumbira Tembere inoyevedza yakavakwa paChikomo cheTemberi (inozivikanwa zvakare seGomo reTemberi) senzvimbo yekunamatira mwari wechiJuda Ishe Jehovha.Iyi ndiyo tembere yekutanga inozivikanwa muJerusarema. Muna 586 BC, mauto eBhabhironi akatora Jerusarema, uye tembere yekutanga yakaparadzwa Mushure menguva, maJuda vakavaka zvakare tembere kaviri, asi yakaparadzwa kaviri panguva yehutongi hwevaRoma. Basilica yakakurumbira inochengetedza Nzvimbo Tsvenetsvene yakavakwazve pamatongo eTembere yekutanga yakavakwa naHerode I Mukuru muna 37 BC pana Solomon. Tembere yaHerodhi yakaparadzwa neTition Legion yekuAkare Roma muna 70 AD. Mushure maizvozvo, maJuda vakavaka rusvingo rwemamita makumi mashanu nemashanu nekureba kwemamita 19 pamatongo etembere yechiJuda yekutanga nematombo kubva mutembere yekutanga. "West Wall". MaJuda anodaidzwa kuti "Rusvingo rwekuchema" uye vanove chinhu chakakosha pakunamata chechiJuda nhasi.

Jerusarema: Jerusarema riri pazvikomo zvina zveMakomo eJudhiya ari pakati pePalestine. Iri iguta rine mukurumbira pasi rese rine nhoroondo yemakore anodarika zviuru zvishanu. Yakakomberedzwa nemakomo, inovhara nzvimbo yemakiromita 158 mativi uye inoumbwa neguta rekare kumabvazuva uye neguta nyowani kumadokero. Pakukwirira kwemamita mazana masere nemakumi masere nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu nematanhatu nemakumi matatu nematanhatu nepfumbamwe (2000), ndiro guta guru muIsrael.

Guta Rekare reJerusarema iguta dzvene rechitendero uye nzvimbo yekuzvarwa kwezvitendero zvikuru zvitatu zvechiJuda, chiIslam neChikiristu.Zvitendero zvese izvi zvinotora Jerusarema senzvimbo yavo tsvene. Chitendero netsika, nhoroondo nedzidziso yebhaibheri, pamwe nenzvimbo dzinoyera nedzimba dzekunamatira, zvinoita kuti Jerusarema rive guta dzvene rinokudzwa nemaJuda, maChristu nemaMuslim.

Nzvimbo yeJerusarema yakatanga kunzi "Jebus" nekuti kare kare, dzinza revaKenani vechiArab rakanzi "Jebus" rakatama kubva kuArabian Peninsula kuzogara pano nekuvaka misha. Vaka chivakwa uye utumidze nzvimbo ino dzinza. Gare gare, maKenani akavaka guta pano akaritumidza "Yuro Salim". Makore ane chiuru chimwe BC, David, muvambi wehumambo hwechiJuda, akakunda nzvimbo ino akaishandisa seguta guru rehumambo hwechiJuda. Akaramba achishandisa zita rekuti "Yuro Salim". Kuti riite chiHeberu, rakanzi " Euro Salam ". Chinese inoshandura izvi se "Jerusarema", zvichireva "Guta rerunyararo". MaArabu anodana guta "Gourdes", kana "Guta Dzvene".

Jerusarema rave rakareba riri guta rinogarwa nevaPalestine nevaIsrael. Sekureva kwengano, muzana ramakore rechigumi BC, mwanakomana waDavidi Soromoni akabudirira pachigaro uye akavaka tembere yechiJuda paGomo reZioni muJerusarema.Ndiro raive muzinda wezviito zvevaJudha nezvematongerwo enyika, saka chiJudha chakatora Jerusarema senzvimbo tsvene. Gare gare, rusvingo rweguta rwakavakwa pamatongo etembere, anonzi "madziro ekuchema" nemaJuda, uye chazove chinhu chakakosha pakunamata chechiJudha nhasi.

Kubva pakagadzwa, Guta Rekare reJerusarema rakavakwazve uye rikadzorerwa ka18. Muna 1049 BC, raive guta rekare rehumambo hwekare hweIsraeri pasi pehutongi hwaMambo David. Muna 586 BC, Mambo Nebhukadhinezari wechipiri weNew Babylon (yava kunzi Iraq) akatora guta akaripaza pasi. Muna 532 BC, yakapambwa ikatorwa naMambo wePersia. Mushure mezana ramakore rechina BC, Jerusarema rakabatanidzwa zvakateedzana nehumambo hweMakedhonia, Ptolemy, naSeleucid. Roma payakatapa Jerusarema muna 63 BC, vakadzinga maJuda muguta. Udzvanyiriri hwevaRoma kumaJuda muPalestine hwakakonzera kumukira kukuru.VaRoma vakaita kudzvinyirira kweropa, vakauraya maJuda anodarika miriyoni imwe, uye maJuda mazhinji vakapambwa kuEurope nekuitwa varanda. MaJuda vakapona mudambudziko vakatiza mumwe mushure meumwe, kunyanya kune yanhasi Britain, France, Italy, Germany nedzimwe nzvimbo, uye gare gare muhuwandu hwakawanda kuenda kuRussia, Eastern Europe, North America, nezvimwewo, uye kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi kwakatanga nhoroondo inosiririsa yekutapwa kwechiJuda. Muna 636 AD, maArabu akakunda vaRoma, kubva ipapo Jerusarema rakagara riri pasi pehutongi hweMuslim.

Pakupera kwezana ramakore regumi nerimwe, Pope weRome nemamambo eEuropean vakatanga misangano mizhinji muzita re "Kuwanazve Guta Dzvene". Muna 1099, maCrusader vakatora Jerusarema ndokuzomisa "Humambo hweJerusarema." Yakagara kweinoda kusvika zana ramakore. Muna 1187, Arab Sultan Saladin akakunda maCrusaders muhondo yeHedian kuchamhembe kwePalestine ndokuwanazve Jerusarema. Kubva 1517 kusvika Hondo Yenyika I isati yatanga, Jerusarema rakanga riri pasi pehutongi hweUtoman Empire.

Pedyo neguta reBheterehema, makiromita gumi nematanhatu kumaodzanyemba kweJerusarema, kune bako rinonzi Mahedhi.Izvi zvinonzi Jesu akazvarirwa mubako iri, uye Mahed Church yatovakwa ipapo. Jesu akadzidza muJerusarema achiri mudiki, uye akazoparidzira pano, achizvidaidza kuti Kristu (kureva Muponesi), uye akazorovererwa nevakuru vechiJuda pamuchinjikwa kunze kweguta ndokuvigwa ipapo. Ngano inoti Jesu akamuka kubva muguva mazuva matatu afa uye akakwira kudenga mazuva makumi mana gare gare. Muna 335 AD, Hilana, amai vamambo wekare weRoma Constantine I, vakaita rwendo rwekuenda kuJerusarema uye vakavaka kereke yeKumuka kuvakafa kumakuva aJesu, anozivikanwawo seChechi yeSepulcher Tsvene.Naizvozvo, chiKristu chinotora Jerusarema senzvimbo inoyera.

Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechinomwe, muporofita weIslam Muhammad akaparidza muArabian Peninsula uye akapikiswa nevanokudzwa veko kuMecca. Humwe husiku, akamutswa kubva kuhope uye akatasva bhiza-grey-grey nemusoro wemukadzi wakatumwa nengirozi.Kubva kuMecca kuenda Jerusarema, akatsika dombo dzvene ndokubhururukira kumusoro kumatenga mapfumbamwe. Mushure mekugamuchira kurudziro kubva kudenga, akadzokera kuMecca husiku ihwohwo. Iyi ndiyo inozivikanwa "Kufamba Kwehusiku uye Dangxiao" muIslam, uye ndeimwe yedzidziso dzakakosha dzevaMuslim. Nekuda kweiyi ngano yekufamba husiku, Jerusarema rave nzvimbo yechitatu kutsvenetsvene muIslam mushure meMecca neMedina.

Ndizvozvo chaizvo nekuti Jerusarema ndeimwe yenzvimbo nhatu dzinoera dzezvitendero.Kuti mukwikwidze nzvimbo inoera, kwave nehondo dzakawandisa pano kubvira kare kare. Jerusarema rakapunzirwa pasi kanokwana kagumi nemasere, asi rakamutsidzirwa nguva dzese.Chikonzero chakakosha ndechekuti inzvimbo inoera inonamatwa pasi rese. Vamwe vanhu vanoti Jerusarema iguta rakanaka zvisingawanzoonekwa munyika rakaparadzwa kakawanda asi richiremekedzwa zvikuru. Gore ra1860 risati rasvika, Jerusarema rakanga riine rusvingo rweguta, uye guta racho rakanga rakakamurwa kuva nzvimbo nhatu dzekugara: maJuda, maMuslim, maArmenian, uye evaKristu. Panguva iyoyo, maJuda, avo vaitove vazhinji veguta, vakatanga kuvaka nzvimbo dzekugara kunze kwemadziro, vachiumba musimboti weJerusarema remazuva ano. Kubva kudhorobha diki kuenda kuguta rakabudirira, nzvimbo nyowani dzekugara dzinoumbwa, imwe neimwe inoratidza hunhu hweimwe boka rekugara ipapo.

Guta Nyowani reJerusalem riri kumadokero.Rakagadzwa zvishoma nezvishoma mushure mezana ramakore rechi19.Rinokukura ruviri rweGuta Rekare.Rinonyanya kuve dzimba dzesainzi uye tsika tsika. Kune zvivakwa zvemazuva ano kumativi ese emugwagwa, pakati pemutsara pamusoro pezvivakwa zvakakura, dzimba dzakanaka uye dzakanaka dzimba dzehotera, nenzvimbo dzekutengesera hombe dzine vanhu, dzakazara nemapaki akanaka. Guta rekare riri kumabvazuva, rakakomberedzwa nemadziro akareba.Mamwe masayiti ezvitendero ane mukurumbira ari muguta rekare.Semuenzaniso, ibwe rinoyera rakatsikwa naMuhammad paakakwira kudenga husiku raive panzvimbo imwechete seye zuva reMecca Kerr imba. Helai Mosque, iyo Al-Aqsa Mosque, wechitatu musikiti mukuru pasi rose mushure meMusikiti Tsvene yeMecca neMuporofita's Tembere muMedina, nezvimwe, ese mazita, zviitiko uye zviitiko zvine hukama zvinotaurwa mu "Old Testament" uye "New Testament" Anowirirana machechi netemberi zvakavakwa muguta. Jerusarema nderimwe remaguta akakosha kwazvo evashanyi munyika.

Jerusarema nderese rekare uye rechizvinozvino.Guta rakasiyana siyana.Vagari varo vanomiririra kusangana kwetsika nemadzinza mazhinji, pamwe nekuteerera kwakasimba kukanoni uye nemararamiro epanyika. Guta haringochengeti zvakapfuura chete, asi zvakare rinogadzirira remangwana.Rine zvese zvakanyatso dzoreredza nzvimbo dzezvakaitika kare, zvakanyatso shongedzwa nzvimbo dzakasvibirira, matunhu emabhizimusi emazuva ano, mapaki emaindasitiri, uye nzvimbo dzinowanda dzemasabhabha, zvichiratidza kuenderera uye kusimba.